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Medical Conditions 3 > Acute Care Settings: hematologic disease screening and considerations for PT > Flashcards

Acute Care Settings: hematologic disease screening and considerations for PT Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What to think about with blood work

A
  • solid components
  • liquid components
  • gas components
  • what do each of these do?
  • where arre they filtered?
  • how are they removed orr excreted
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2
Q

What are the filters of blood

A
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • spleen
  • gall bladder
  • lungs
  • skin
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3
Q

How can concentration of blood be increased

A
  • increase components
  • and or
  • decrease fluids
  • thicker fluid = increase in BP
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4
Q

How can blood concentration be decreased

A
  • decrease components
  • and/or increase fluids
  • thinner fluids = decreased BP
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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of hematologic disease: cardiovascular system

A
  • typically hematologic manifestations are 2º to disease not so much the hematological system itself
  • cardiovascular
  • problems with exertion
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • palpitations
  • weakness and fatigue
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6
Q

S&S associated with hematologic diseas: neurologic

A
  • headaches
  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • syncope
  • polyneuropathy
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7
Q

S&S associated with hematologic disease: integumentary

A
  • skin and fingernail probelms
  • cyanosis
  • clubbing of fingernails, brittleness, concavity
  • pallor of face, hands, fingernail beds: grey and yellowing
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8
Q

Other S&S of hematologic disease

A
  • other
  • bruise easily
  • bleeding of skin and gums with little to no trauma
  • blood in stool
  • swelling of joints and muscles
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9
Q

What are hematologic disorders often related to as seen in PT practice

A
  • medications: NSAIDs, Corticosteriods, blood thinner
  • complications from radiation and chemotherapy
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10
Q

How can NSAIDs and corticosteriod use affect the hemotolgical system

A
  • chronic use = GI system problems
  • gastritis
  • peptic ulcer => bleeding
  • => iron deficiency anemia
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11
Q

Erythrocytes Disorders

causes

A
  • anemia = blood loss, destruction of RBCs, decrease O2 carrying capacity of blood
  • NSAIDs, Corticosteriods = GI peptic ulcers = blood loss
  • Chronic disease or inflammatory conditions such as RA or lupus
  • infectious diseases: TB, AIDs
  • Cancers: leukemia (bone marrow failure)
  • complication from chemotherapy
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12
Q

Anemia Associated S&S

A
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • chest pain with minimal exertion
  • weakness and fatigue
  • palpitations
  • decrease diastolic pressure
  • increase pulse rate
  • redistribution of blood to heart, brain therefore may see: skin pallor, yellow tint, cyanosis conjuctiva
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13
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A
  • CNS/Neurological S&S
  • Headache
  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • syncope
  • slow thought process
  • apathy, depression
  • polyneuopathy
  • may need transfusions

more severe/harash on the body

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14
Q

Polycythemia

A
  • increase in RBCs, Increase hemoglobin concetration
  • increase blood viscosity/volume
  • tendency to clot
  • decrease blood to brain, vital tissues
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15
Q

Polycythemia S&S

A
  • fatigue
  • SOB
  • Headache-fullness of head
  • dizziness
  • blurred vision
  • irritability
  • fainting
  • decrease mental acuity
  • decrease sensation
  • cyanosis
  • clubbing of fingers
  • enlarged spleen
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16
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A
  • abnormal shape of hemoglobin/RBCs
  • ability to pass through vessels is decreased
  • decreased blood supply
  • ischemia tot tissues
17
Q

Sickle cell anemia S&S

A
  • pain in chest and abdominal areas
  • UE, LE joint pain, back pain
  • avascular necrosis
  • chronic leg ulcers
  • CVA
18
Q

Sickle cell anemia S&S pulmonary

A

bacterial pneumonia

19
Q

Sickle cell anemia S&S

neurological

A
  • convulsions
  • drowsiness
  • coma
  • parresthesia
  • cranial N problems
  • blindness
  • nystagmus
20
Q

Sickle cell anemia S&S

hand and foot syndrome

A
  • painful swelling
21
Q

Sickle cell anemia S&S

liver and spleen

A
  • enlargement due to trapped erythrocytes
22
Q

Sickle cell anemia S&S

renal complications

A
  • renal failure
  • renal papillay necrosis
  • hematuria
  • nocturia
  • bed wetting
23
Q

Leukocytosis are S&S of

A
  • increase concenration of WBCs
  • fever
  • infection
  • tissue inflammation/trauma/necrosis
  • metabolic intoxicaitons ie uremia, gout
  • neoplasms, lung, lymphoma, melanoma
  • acute hemorhage
  • appendicitis
24
Q

leukopenia

what is it and causes

A
  • bone marrow failure
  • chemotherapy or radiation therapy
  • autoimmune disease
  • overwhelming infection
  • dietary deficiency

reduction in WBCs

25
Q

leukopenia S&S

A
  • fever, chills, sweats
  • persistent infection
  • ulcerations of mouth, rectum, vagina
26
Q

Leukemia

A
  • disease of bone marrow
  • uncontrolled growth of immature dysfunction WBC
  • grouped with cancers
27
Q

Platelet Disorders

thrombocytosis

A
  • function in stopping bleeding
  • thrombocytosis: assymptomatic until exceeds 1 million/mm
  • too much platelet production
28
Q

Thrombosis S&S

A
  • throbbing
  • pain
  • warm
  • heavy
29
Q

Splenomegaly S&S

A
  • pressure on left side
  • feeling full
30
Q

thrombocytopenia

potenital causes

A
  • platelets less 150,000/mm
  • bone marrow failure
  • chemotherapy, radiation treatment
  • leukemia
  • metastatic CA
  • drug induced platelet reduction (coumadin/warfin, asprin)
31
Q

Thrombocytopenia S&S

A
  • ecchymosis
  • hematoma
  • excessive menstruation
  • joint swelling (single or traveling)
  • petechiae (red spots under skin)
  • bleeding gums
  • nose bleeds (dry air or low platelets)

`

32
Q

With thrombocytopenia what may be contraindicated/precautioned

A

Contraindication:

  • strenuous exercise
  • mechanical compression
  • STM

Caution:

  • using BP cuff
33
Q

Hemophilia

A

bleeding longer
not faster
coagulation disorder

34
Q

S&S of hemophilia

A

hemarthrosis => joint disease

  • joint pain swelling decreased ROM, contracture, atrophy

Muscle hemorrhage

  • pain and spams => muscle shortening for comfort => decrease length
  • increase blood volum => pressure on nerves => sensory and motor deficits

GI involvment:

  • abdominal distension and pain
  • blood in stool
  • vomiting blood
  • fever

Abdominal and groin:

  • large intestine vs iliopsoas bleed
35
Q
A

Medical Conditions 3 (14 decks)

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