Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Lab values used for diagnosis
A
- leukemias, lymphomas, immunological cancers
- leukocytes >150,00 plateletes >400,000
- Prostate: PSA< 4 ngmL
- ovarian cancer antigen
- medullar thyroid cancer
- liver calcitonin > 10g/mL or alpha fetoprotein > 500 g/mL
2
Q
Medical treatment for cancer
A
- chemo
- radiation shrink
- surgery
- targeted genetic and biological interventions
3
Q
Percentage of cancer at
1. all ages
2. 10-14
3. 15-19
A
- 23.1
- 13.1
- 4.7
4
Q
Most common childhood cancers
A
- lymphomas
- leukemia
- CNS
- endocrine
- melanoma
5
Q
Most common deaths by cancer
A
- Leukemias
- brain/nervous
- bone.joint
- endocrine
- soft tissue
6
Q
Top 5 most common cancers
A
- breast
- prostate
- lung and bronchus
- colon and rectal
- melanoma
7
Q
Primary vs seconary cancers
A
- primary = initial site
- secondary = mets that develop
8
Q
What can increase risk of recurrence of mets
A
- lymph nodes
- tumor > 2cm
- higher grade histopathlogical designation
- hormone levels - progesterone and estrogen
9
Q
Benign Neoplasms
A
- non cancerous localized encapulated slow growing unable to move
10
Q
Invasive carcinoma
A
- malignant invade surrounding tissue
- regional-regional lymph
- distal or distal mets = malignant lesions in another organ = lung, liver, brain
- note primary chance arising from specific body structure are not as likely to result in MSK S&S
11
Q
Metastatic
A
- 15-20 years later
- 70% spine
12
Q
Modes of metastases
A
- blood streem
- lymphatic system
- direct extension into adajcent tissues
- requires f/u anytime you suspect mets
13
Q
common areas of METs
A
- adjacent tissues
- lymph nodes
- bone
- brain
- organs
14
Q
common breast
mets
A
- bones (shoulder, hip, spine, ribs, sacrum)
- CNS
- brachial plexus
- spinal fluid
- lungs
15
Q
Mets from
lung cancer
A
- CNS
- bone
- brachial plexus
