Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Lab values used for diagnosis
A
- leukemias, lymphomas, immunological cancers
- leukocytes >150,00 plateletes >400,000
- Prostate: PSA< 4 ngmL
- ovarian cancer antigen
- medullar thyroid cancer
- liver calcitonin > 10g/mL or alpha fetoprotein > 500 g/mL
2
Q
Medical treatment for cancer
A
- chemo
- radiation shrink
- surgery
- targeted genetic and biological interventions
3
Q
Percentage of cancer at
1. all ages
2. 10-14
3. 15-19
A
- 23.1
- 13.1
- 4.7
4
Q
Most common childhood cancers
A
- lymphomas
- leukemia
- CNS
- endocrine
- melanoma
5
Q
Most common deaths by cancer
A
- Leukemias
- brain/nervous
- bone.joint
- endocrine
- soft tissue
6
Q
Top 5 most common cancers
A
- breast
- prostate
- lung and bronchus
- colon and rectal
- melanoma
7
Q
Primary vs seconary cancers
A
- primary = initial site
- secondary = mets that develop
8
Q
What can increase risk of recurrence of mets
A
- lymph nodes
- tumor > 2cm
- higher grade histopathlogical designation
- hormone levels - progesterone and estrogen
9
Q
Benign Neoplasms
A
- non cancerous localized encapulated slow growing unable to move
10
Q
Invasive carcinoma
A
- malignant invade surrounding tissue
- regional-regional lymph
- distal or distal mets = malignant lesions in another organ = lung, liver, brain
- note primary chance arising from specific body structure are not as likely to result in MSK S&S
11
Q
Metastatic
A
- 15-20 years later
- 70% spine
12
Q
Modes of metastases
A
- blood streem
- lymphatic system
- direct extension into adajcent tissues
- requires f/u anytime you suspect mets
13
Q
common areas of METs
A
- adjacent tissues
- lymph nodes
- bone
- brain
- organs
14
Q
common breast
mets
A
- bones (shoulder, hip, spine, ribs, sacrum)
- CNS
- brachial plexus
- spinal fluid
- lungs
15
Q
Mets from
lung cancer
A
- CNS
- bone
- brachial plexus
16
Q
MEts from
prostate cancer
A
- pelvis
- sacrum
- vertebrae,
- sacral plexus
- bladder
17
Q
common mets
pancreatic cancer
A
liver
18
Q
common mets from
stomach cancer
A
- liver
- vertebrae
- abdominal cavity
19
Q
Early warning signs of cancer
A
- Changes in bowl or bladder
- A sore that does not heal within 6 weeks
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thickening or lump in breast or elsewehere
- Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
- Obvious chnage in a wart of mole
- Nagging cough or hoarseness
- Supplemental signs and symptoms
20
Q
What to watch as a PT
A
- changes in vital signs
- proximal muscle weakness
- change in deep tendon reflexes
21
Q
Important considerations when reviewing history
A
- Age 50 or above
- previous hx of cancer
- family history
- gender
- ethnicity
- system screeening
- environmental and lifestyle
22
Q
signs of cancer in children
A
- eyes: white glow in pupil, visual disturbance, new suint
- palpable mass
- abdomen: distension, organmegaly, refractory constipation nausea
- system: recurrent viral illness, weight loss, night sweats
- brain: headaches, vomittin, change in behavior
- pallor
- Genitourinary: hematuria or difficulty voiding
- bone: back pain, new limp or persistent pain
23
Q
As a PT what should paid attention to in reguards to cancer
A
- exercise guidlines perceived exertion
- blood values
- side effects of treatments
- precautions and contra-indications with modalities
- patient response
24
Q
Lymphedema PT concerns
A
- post-op patients are at risk for developing lymphedema
- BP not to be taken in arm with lymphedema
- compression garments
- caution with massage techniques special training
25
Q
lymphedema treatment
A
- complete decongestive therapy (manual techniques, bandaging, wrapping)
- compression garments both custom or off the shelf
