Geri + dementias

Question 1

What percentage of individuals with MCI revert to Alzheimer’s disease in the first 2 years?

Answer 1

5-10%

MCI stands for Mild Cognitive Impairment

Question 2

What is the percentage of individuals with MCI that may revert to normal?

Answer 2

25-30%

Reversion to normal cognitive function is possible in some cases

Question 3

What is the only recommended treatment for MCI?

Answer 3

Control HTN only

Evidence supports this recommendation

Question 4

Is there any evidence supporting the use of AChE inhibitors in MCI?

Answer 4

No use for AChE or other Rx

AChE stands for acetylcholinesterase

Question 5

What is NPH associated with

Answer 5

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus; association with hemorrhagic stroke

NPH is a type of dementia

Question 6

What are the EEG findings in delirium?

Answer 6

Low voltage, diffuse slowing; predominantly delta and theta

Except in hepatic encephalopathy, which shows 25% of triphasic waves

Question 7

What are the key proteinopathies associated with Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 7

Amyloid plaque, neurofibrillary tangles, TAU

These are hallmark features of Alzheimer’s pathology

Question 8

Proteinopathies associated with Lewy Body dementia?

Answer 8

Alpha synucleopathy

This type of proteinopathy is also seen in Parkinson’s dementia

Question 9

Which proteins are associated with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?

Answer 9

TAU, TDP-34, ubiquitin

FTD is also known as Pick’s disease

Question 10

What is the main protein implicated in Huntington’s disease?

Answer 10

Huntingtin

This protein is mutated in Huntington’s disease

Question 11

What are the main findings in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy?

Answer 11

Neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, TAU

These findings are similar to those in Alzheimer’s disease

Question 12

What are the indications for genetic testing in dementia?

Answer 12

Early presentation age <65 with family history

Genetic testing may focus on specific chromosomes

Question 13

Which chromosomes are associated with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 13

Chromosome 1, 14, and 21

Specifically, presenilin 2, presenilin 1, and APP respectively

Question 14

What does functional MRI measure?

Answer 14

Oxygen/deoxygenation rate

This technique is useful in studying brain activity

Question 15

What is the best imaging method for detecting acute bleeds?

Answer 15

CT scan

CT scans are also useful for identifying osseous anomalies and calcifications

Question 16

What late-onset gene is associated with Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 16

Apo E4 (chromosome 19)

This gene variant increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s

Question 17

What are the early-onset genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 17

Presenilin 1 (chr 14), presenilin 2 (chr 1), APP (chr 21)

These genes are linked to familial Alzheimer’s disease