Geological traps formations rocks Flashcards
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Basin: A basin is a large area with thick sedimentary rocks, covered by shallow tropical water.
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Reef: Reefs are mounds of rock, sand, coral or similar material lying beneath the surface of water. They are separated from land by a body of water known as a lagoon.
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Ridge: A ridge is a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance. Ridges may be submarine ranges of mountains, including volcanoes, appearing above the surface of the ocean.
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Trench: A trench is a deep, narrow channel in the sea or ocean bed. It typically runs parallel to a plate boundary, marking a subduction zone.
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Delta: A delta is a mass of sediments deposited by a river flowing into a large body of water, such as a lake or ocean.
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Salt dome: Masses of salt are pushed up through clasticrocks due to their greater buoyancy, eventually breaking through and rising towards the surface. This salt is impermeable and when it crosses a layer of permeable rock, in which hydrocarbons are migrating, it blocks the pathway in much the same manner as a fault trap.
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Stratigraphic: Stratigraphic traps are formed as a result of lateral and vertical variations in the thickness, texture, porosity or lithology of the reservoir rock.
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Fault: This trap is formed by the movement of permeable and impermeable layers of rock along a fault line.The permeable reservoir rock faults such that it is now adjacent to an impermeable rock, preventing hydrocarbons from further migration.
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Anticline traps are usually long oval domes of land that can often be seen by looking at a geological map or by flying over the land. Its formed by the accumulationof hydrocarbonsat the crest until the anticline is filled to the spill point - the highest point where hydrocarbons can escape the anticline.This type of trap is by far the most significant to the hydrocarbon industry.
Fault: A significant crackin a rock formation.
pinch out: A trap in which a sedimentary layerthins to the point where the layers above and below it come together.
Anticline: A structural trap in which the rock layers arefolded upwards.
Angular unconformity: A stratigraphictrap in which the layers have an angular tilt.
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Oil Shale
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Bitumen
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Granite
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Lignite Coal
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Sandstone
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Limestone
The rock cycle
