Geography Y10 UK Environmental Challenges

Question 1

what is weather

Answer 1

the day to day meteorological conditions

Question 2

what is climate

Answer 2

the long-term meteorological conditions

Question 3

what happens to temperature as you increase latitude + why

Answer 3

decreases because the sun’s energy is spread over a wider area

Question 4

what is continentality

Answer 4

land loses heat faster than the sea

Question 5

why does continentality happen

Answer 5

• transparency of material (albedo effect)
• specific heat (substances heat up different amounts)
• heat movement (ocean currents etc.)
• evaporation
• sea surface temperatures

Question 6

what is the North Atlantic Drift

Answer 6

• ocean current
• slow-moving body of water
• wind driven surface movement
• transports warm water to higher latitudes
• extension of North Atlantic Current

Question 7

what is an air mass

Answer 7

a body if air thousands of miles across, which is of uniform temperature, pressure and humidity

Question 8

property of continental air masses

Answer 8

dry

Question 9

property of maritime air masses

Answer 9

wet

Question 10

property of tropical air masses

Answer 10

hot

Question 11

property of polar air masses

Answer 11

cold

Question 12

property of arctic air masses

Answer 12

cold

Question 13

what air masses come into the UK

Answer 13

• arctic maritime
• polar continental
• tropical continental
• tropical maritime
• polar maritime

Question 14

features + direction of arctic maritime

Answer 14

• cold
• snow in winter
• comes from north (Arctic Ocean)

Question 15

features + direction of polar continental

Answer 15

• dry (+ hot) in summer
• possible snow in winter
• comes from east (Eastern Europe + Russia)

Question 16

features + direction of tropical continental

Answer 16

• hot + dry weather
• comes from south (Northern Africa)

Question 17

features + direction of tropical maritime

Answer 17

• warm + wet
• comes from south west (from Central Americas over Atlantic Ocean)

Question 18

features + direction of polar maritime

Answer 18

• cold
• showers
• comes from north west (Greenland + Northern Canada)

Question 19

where do strong winds come from (area + air masses)

Answer 19

ocean areas:
* tropical maritime
* polar maritime
* arctic maritime

Question 20

what is advection

Answer 20

movement across the atmosphere

Question 21

impacts of strong winds

Answer 21

• railway lines destroyed - cannot transport goods/people/get to work
• sea wall destroyed - pollutants in water, costs to repair
• homes/personal items destroyed - increased stress
• habitats/ecosystems destroyed - e.g. trees uprooted
• coastal landforms destroyed - e.g. stack collapses

Question 22

what air masses cause flooding

Answer 22

• tropical maritime
• polar maritime
• (arctic maritime)

Question 23

how does consistent rainfall cause flooding

Answer 23

1) rain infiltrates + percolates
2) constantly happens
3) water table slowly rises
4) water table = surface level
5) surface runoff happens instead of infiltration = flooding

Question 24

how does intense rainfall cause flooding

Answer 24

1) some rain infiltrates and percolates
2) rate of precipitation > rate of infiltration
3) some rain runs off surface instead = flooding

Question 25

what was air mass in 2014 flooding + why

Answer 25

tropical maritime because highest precipitation was in the south

Question 26

impacts of flooding

Answer 26

* roads flooded - cannot transport goods/people/get to work * houses/personal items lost - increased stress * farmers' fields lost - cannot earn money, *sense of community created* * search and rescue volunteers - *sense of community* * habitats destroyed

Question 27

what air masses cause heat waves

Answer 27

* tropical continental * (polar continental)

Question 28

impacts of heatwaves

Answer 28

* drinking water supplies affected - cost to get more * *increased tourism* * agriculture affected - farmers cannot get enough money - food prices increase * railways and roads damaged - cannot transport goods/people/get to work * reduced river levels - prevents boats from sailing - no transport, damages aquatic habitats

Question 29

what air masses cause heavy snow

Answer 29

* arctic maritime * (polar continental)

Question 30

where is there more snow

Answer 30

* north * upland areas * e.g. Cairngorms

Question 31

impacts of heavy snow

Answer 31

* disrupts transprt - cannot transport goods/people/get to work - no food for remote communities * power supply problems - no power for people/businesses * people stuck in cold * cracked pipes - no hot water/drinking water * more tourism - e.g. skiing

Question 32

where is Cockermouth located (rivers)

Answer 32

mouth of River Cocker - confluence of River Cocker and River Derwent

Question 33

Cockermouth flood causes

Answer 33

* near wettest place in England - >3000mm/yr - Nov 2009 wettest since 1910, Nov 2019 broke 24hr record * near Skiddaw mountains - relief rainfall * confluence of Derwent + Cocker in city centre - impermeable surfaces * geology - Skiddaw slates - metamorphic - finegrain - quite impermeable

Question 34

Cockermouth flood impacts

Answer 34

* strongly Christian - **8** churches worked as help centre - provide **over 1000** sandwiches per day + gave advice * shops/buildings destroyed - e.g. **Julie's Sandwich Place** - construction workers busy - financial loss/stress *