Biology Y9 Cellular Transport Flashcards
name 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion
any 3 of: concentration gradient, temperature, diffusion distance, surface area
diffusion moves from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration
higher, lower
what will the particles be in diffusion
dissolved gases and dissolved liquids
what is concentration
number of particles in a given volume
diffusion goes ______ the concentration gradient
down
if there are more particles inside an area than outside, diffusion will move ______ the area
out of
if there are more particles outside an area than inside, diffusion will move ______ the area
into
name 2 places, in which diffusion occurs in an animal
any 2 of: gas exchange at the alveoli, glucose absorption in the small intestines, glucose diffusion across the cell membrane
why does gas exchange occur in a plant
for photosynthesis
what is the relationship between temperature and diffusion
as temperature increases, particles diffuse faster
what gas exchanges are there at the alveoli
oxygen from air to blood, carbon dioxide from blood to air
what is the concentration gradient
the difference in particle concentration between 2 areas
what is the relationship between surface area and diffusion
as surface area increases, particles diffuse faster
what is osmosis
the movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a partially/selectively permeable membrane
in osmosis ‘water follows ______’
solutes
what water has the highest water potential
pure water
low solute concentration = ______ water potential
high
what is a partially/selectively permeable membrane
a membrane that controls the passage of different substances in and out of cells
how does a partially/selectively permeable membrane control the passage of cells
through differences in size
what is the only partially/selectively permeable membrane we use in biology
the cell membrane
what happens to a plant cell if there is equal water potential inside and out
there is no net change or equilibrium
what happens to a plant cell if there is higher water potential outside than inside
the net movement of water is into the cell, and the cell expands slightly
what happens to a plant cell if there is higher water potential inside than outside
the net movement of water is out of the cell, and the cell shrinks
what happens to a plant cell if there is a very low water potential on the outside and a high water potential on the inside
lots/most of the water leaves, the cytoplasm shrinks, and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall
what is it called when a cell expands slightly due to osmosis
a turgid cell
what is it called when a cell shrinks slightly due to osmosis
a flaccid cell
why might the inside of a plant cell have a lower water potential
the permanent vacuole has lots of solutes
what is it called when a cell shrinks majorly and most of the water leaves due to osmosis
plasmolysis
what type of cell is good for a plant (equilibrium/turgid/flaccid)
turgid
what type of cell leads to a wilting plant (equilibrium/turgid/flaccid)
flaccid
what symbol is used for water potential
Ψ (psi)
what is water potential
the ability for water to move from one solution to another
in osmosis, as solutes are added, the solution’s water potential is ______
lowered
what are the 3 marks for in an osmosis question
1- direction of water in/out
2- it’s osmosis
3- why - water potential gradient
what is crenation
when a cell shrinks and has rippled edges
what is cytolysis
a cell bursting
why is an animal cell more vulnerable to bursting than a plant cell
it doesn’t have a cell wall
