Geography Y10 People of the UK Flashcards
what is trade
the movement of gods and services across the world
what are imports
products brought into a country
what are exports
products sold from a country
what is trade deficit
the amount by which a country’s imports exceed the value of its exports
what does the UK mainly export
- transport (cars, planes)
- oil (crude, refined)
- mechanical products (power generators)
- high-skilled products (medicinal products)
what are the main employment related trends over the past 25 years
- more women at work
- more part-time and self-employed workers
- more flexible working hours
- increase in the tertiary sector
how do employers support women at work
flexible working hours and help with childcare
how does the government support women at work
supports childcare (money)
why do people work part-time and self-employed
better work-life balance and can work from home
how is working from home easier now than before
higher availability of IT and broadband
in what way do some people work flexible hours
combining office work with working from home
how are flexible working hours easier now
because of the higher availability of mobile phones - allows people to work on the move
what happened along with de-industrialisation
jobs were replaced by employment in the secondary and tertiary sectors (e.g. education, healthcare)
where is the highest % employment in services found
London, Leeds and north east Wales + other large cities
where is the lowest % employment in services found
central/northern England, south/north west of Scotland and south Wales
where is highest % employment in manufacturing found
central/northern England (>15%), south Wales and north west Scotland
where is lowest % employment in manufacturing found
London (<5%), south east England, north east Wales and west Scotland
what is the corelation between % employment in manufacturing and % employment in services
areas with low % employment in services often have a high % employment in manufacturing and vice versa
what is the life expectancy trend
higher in the south and lower in the north
what are the highest and lowest life expectancies of the UK (regions)
highest: 82+ in south east England
lowest: 79.1 in Scotland
advantages of migration
- introduction of different cultures (food, music, fashion)
- workers pay taxes to government
disadvantages of migration
- tensions with local people / other ethnic groups
- extra costs (healthcare, education, social services)
what main issues are there between the north and the south
- health
- education
- transport
why is life expectancy lower in deprived areas
higher mortality from heart and respiratory disease and lung cancer, and a higher chance of dying prematurely (before 75)
why does the north-south divide exist
because there are more poor areas in the north than the south
where gets the most and least money for education in England
most - London (£1732pp)
least - south west (£1418pp)
is the north-south divide getting better or worse in terms of education
worse
what is the transport infrastructure spending for London and north east England
London - £2500 per head
north east - £5 per head
what is the northern powerhouse and how is it viewed
a proposal to boost growth in the north of England - people view it as a joke
how should you close the north-south divide
transfer money, power and influence
where is Leeds in the UK
north England, in West Yorkshire
what major roads are Leeds close to and where do they go (and why is this important)
A1 (London - Edinburgh (capitals)) and M62 (Hull - Liverpool (ports))
what main railway line is close to Leeds (north-south) and where does it go
Eastern Mainline (London - Glasgow)
which river flows through Leeds and where does it go
River Aire (goes to Hull)
what airport serves Leeds
Leeds Bradford International
where does the canal from Leeds go (major cities)
Liverpool and Manchester
what industries does Leeds have
- textiles
- railway locomotive factories
- engineering
- food products
- administration
- chemicals
- tailoring
consequences of de-industrialisation
- closure of coal mines
- high rates of unemployment
- few alternative employment oportunities
- abandoned houses and buildings
- environmental issues (e.g. polluted rivers)
(+ developments)
what is an example of a derelict building in Leeds + what happened to it
Leeds Ambassador House (was vacated in 2008 and is now derelict)
what is the difference between regeneration and redevelopment
regeneration - restoring a pre-existing building
redevelopment - rebuilding after knocking a previous building down
why did de-industrialisation occur in the UK
there was a global shift in manufacturing to EDCs
name a mill affected by de-industrialisation in Leeds
Temple Mill
how much is bieng spent on the south bank regeneration project
£500 million
how many jobs should be created by the south bank regeneration project
35000
how many houses should be created by the south bank regeneration project
4000
what are the Leeds council’s aims + examples
- reconnect the region e.g. Trans-Pennine Express Railway
- introduce new homes and communities e.g. Leeds South Bank
- increase urban greening e.g. Aire Park
- make beter use of river e.g. River Aire
- preserve landmark buildings e.g. Ambassador House
- make use of brownfield sites e.g. formerly Tower Works Factory area
- encourage investment and provide jobs/training oppurtunities
- ensure flood protection and sustainability
what is the crude birth rate
total number of births for every 1000 population per year
what is the crude death rate
total number of deaths for every 1000 population per year
what is infant mortality
the number of children who die before one year per 1000 live births
what is life expectancy
the age you expect to live until, calculated at birth
what is population density
population per unit area
what is population distribution
shows how population is spread out
what is national increase rate
(cruse birth rate - crude death rate) / 10
what is growth rate
(birth rate + immigration) - (death rate + emigration)
what are young dependents
people under the age of 15
what are the economicaly active
people between the ages of 15 and 65
what are elderly dependents
people 65 years and older
what is the dependency ratio
(dependents / economically active) * 100
what is fertility rate
the average number of children born per woman
what is maternal mortality rate
the number of maternal deaths per 100000 live births
what is happening to UK population / population distribution
rising, and higher % elderly dependents, lower % young dependents and slightly higher % economically active
