Geography PCT 2 revision 2 population

Question 1

Overpopulation

Answer 1

Too many people to support a good standard of living by the resources available

Question 2

Under population

Answer 2

Not enough people to make full use of the available resources / technology.

Question 3

Causes of of overpopulation ( What makes overpopulation )

Answer 3

• Lack of birth control,
• Increase in healthcare,
• Immigration
• Lower death rates

Question 4

Impacts of overpopulation

Answer 4

• Lack of resources,
• Lack of work, higher rate of unemployed
• Pressure on services,
• Deforestation,

Question 5

Impacts of underpopulation

Answer 5

• Lack of government income,
• Small market for goods and services
• Under-used resources
• Shortage of workers

Question 6

Pull factor of internal migration

Answer 6

Low crime rate​

High employment, wages, lots of jobs​

Access to safe drinking water and food​

Better education and medical facilities

Question 7

Push factor of internal migration

Answer 7

Overpopulation, lack of jobs, low wages​

Lack of clean water = diseases​

Lack of services (education/healthcare) ​

Natural disasters, wars

Question 8

Causes of underpopulation ( What makes underpopulation )

Answer 8

• Very large landmass,
• Extreme climate (uninhabitable)
• High incomes,
• Lower birth rates and longer life expectancies),

Question 9

International migration ( push factors of source country - Mexico )

Answer 9

• Poor medical facilities – 2000 per doctor​
• 40% unemployed​
• Low paid jobs – GNI per capita – $9,600
• Very high crime rates, often related to drug crimes

Question 10

International migration ( Impacts of source country - Mexico )

Answer 10

• Villages such as Santa Ines have lost 2/3 of its economically active population​
• Over $40bn is sent back to Mexico as remittances​
• Lack of young couples have reduced the fertility rate to 2.1​
• 7000 died illegally crossing the border (record 224 in 2020) = emotional and mental stress for families

Question 11

International Migration ( Pull factors of host country u.s.a)

Answer 11

Excellent medical facilities – 400 people per doctor​

• Adult literacy rates – 99%​
• Lots of jobs available through a range of industries and services​

Question 12

International migration ( Impacts of host country u.s.a )

Answer 12

Illegal immigration costs the USA approximately $54bn a year​

• Mexican migrants work at very low wages ($1870 compared to $3714) – Locals are priced out of jobs​
  ( Có nghĩa là do người Mexico làm việc với một mức lương thấp cho nên người mỹ sẽ không được thuê và thất nghiệp hoặc là họ sẽ cũng phải làm việc ở mức lương đó )
• Mexican culture has enriched US states with food, language and music, creating jobs.
• Legal migrants work and pay taxes to the government​

Question 13

Facts about Bangladesh

Answer 13

162 millions people - 8th highest in the world

High birthrate - 18.1 /1000

Lower death rate - 5.5 / 1000

Life expectancy is improving - 72 years old

Population is naturally increasing ( 2.18 % )

Most people in Bangladesh live in central areas

Fewer people live in northern central areas

Question 14

Why is Bangladesh so densely populated ?

Answer 14

This is because, it has :
- High birth rate
- Lower death rate
- Life expectancy is 72 and improving
- Population is naturally increasing
- ( Physical factor ) It has low lying land, surrounded by floodplains which is fertile soil for crops
- ( Social ) Rural urban migration due to higher wages and better access to services in Dhaka
- ( Economic ) Lots of job opportunities, 42.7% work in agriculture
- ( Political ) Stable government and economic growth of 7.3% per year

Question 15

Why is Bangladesh over-populated?

Answer 15

• Lower death rates - High birth rates, death rates reduce and longer life expectancy means that the population is naturally increasing.
  ( Tỉ lệ sinh sản cao,tỉ lệ chết giảm và tuổi thọ trung bình dài hơn cho nên dân số đang phát triển một cách tự nhiên )
• Education for woman is low - Average length of education is 12 years old - So woman cannot get well paid jobs, they have to marry earlier and dependent on husbands for income
  ( Người phụ nữ trung bình chỉ học tới 12 tuổi ( lớp 7) cho nên họ không thể tìm được việc làm với mức lương cao, họ phải cưới sớm hơn và đương nhiên họ sẽ phải phụ thuộc vào thu nhập của chồng )
• 89% are Muslim ( đạo hồi ) - The leaders don’t allow people to use contraception, meaning more unplanned pregnancies

Question 16

What are the problems/consequences of overpopulation ?

Answer 16

• Traffic congestion in Dhaka city - 38,000 more cars are added annually, putting pressure on infrastructure( roads, transport ) as well as increase air pollution
• Deforestation for natural resources - Resources are used for construction and building which can increase soil erosion, making flood worse
• More pressure on services and infrastructure ( healthcare, transport, education, housing)

Question 17

Australia facts

Answer 17

• Population : 25 millions
• Life expectancy - 82 years
• Fertility rate - 1.74 per woman
• Average age of first marriage : 28.7
• It population distribution is uneven
• People concentrated along the east coast
• Very few people live in central areas

Question 18

Why is Australia so sparsely populated ?

Answer 18

Physical factor : Extreme climate - hot and dry so lack of water, infertile land for crops. Its is 6th largest country in the world( 7.7 millions km2) small population compare to the landmass ( dân số nhở so với diện tích đất )

• Social : There are more cities along the coast with greater job opportunities.

Economic : Rural to urban migration - 89% live in urban areas – better access to jobs

Political : Strict immigration controls discourage mass immigration, keeping the population low.

Question 19

Why Australia under-populated ?

Answer 19

• Huge landmass relative to population ( Diện tích đất lớn hơn nhiều so với dân số )
• 20% Australia areas are desert. They are uninhabitable
• 95% of the population have access to and use contraception

Question 20

What are the problems of under - population ?

Answer 20

• Fewer economically active population. There is shortage of 2.3 millions of workers to support dependents( người già, trẻ em )
• Fewer taxes go to the government to re-invest in infrastructure.
• Reliance( phụ thuộc ) on exports which are worth $220bn a year to the economy.

Question 21

Migration

Answer 21

means moving from one place to another​

Question 22

Net Migration

Answer 22

the difference between the rate of emigration and immigration ​

Question 23

International Migration

Answer 23

Crossing national borders​

Question 24

Internal migration

Answer 24

Moving within a country​

Question 25

Emigration

Answer 25

Moving out of a country to live ​

Question 26

Immigration

Answer 26

Moving into a country to live​

Question 27

Rural-to-urban migration

Answer 27

Moving from the countryside to towns and cities​

Question 28

the Dependency Ratio

Answer 28

the relationship between the working and non-working population​

Question 29

Infant Mortality

Answer 29

(number of children who die before their 1st birthday per 1000)​

Question 30

Fertility Rate

Answer 30

The average number of babies born per woman​

Question 31

Natural Increase

Answer 31

The difference between the birth and death rates​

Question 32

Pro-natalist

Answer 32

governmental strategies encourage higher fertility rates

Question 33

Anti-natalist

Answer 33

governmental strategies aim to control population growth, reducing the fertility rate