Geography - Mineral Bsed Industry Flashcards
Classify industries on the basis of the nature of product. Give one example of each.
Heavy industries — example is iron and steel industry. Light industries — example are electric fans and sewing machines.
Mention any four factors which are responsible for the location of an industry.
Key factors are: Availability of raw materials nearby, Power supply (hydroelectric power and thermal power), Water supply from river or dam, Transport for carrying product to market and bringing raw materials.
What is a mineral-based industry? Why is it very important for India?
An industry which depends on mineral ores for its raw materials is classified as a mineral-based industry. It is very important for India because such industries increase India’s GDP rate and foreign exchange earnings. These industries generate a lot of employment.
What are basic industries? Give two examples.
Basic industries are those industries on which other industries depend for raw materials. Examples: Iron and steel industry and heavy machinery industries.
Which iron and steel industry of India is located away from the main coal areas? What is the main source of energy in the absence of coal?
The Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited is located at Bhadravati in Karnataka. As there are no coalfields in the neighbourhood, it initially used charcoal from the forests in Kadur and Shimoga districts. Now it uses hydroelectric power from the Sharavati project.
With reference to the TISCO, from where does it get its: Coal → Iron ore → Water supply?
Coal: Jharia in Jharkhand. Iron ore: Singhbhum in Jharkhand. Water supply: Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers.
Name one integrated iron and steel plant in the private sector. Where does it obtain its iron and coal from? (2014)
Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). It obtains iron ore from the Gurumahisani mines of Singhbhum, Keonjhar, and Mayurbhanj in Odisha. Coal is brought from Jharia in Jharkhand, which is 240 km away from Jamshedpur.
How is it advantageous for a mini-steel plant: To use electric furnaces? To be located close to the location of the raw materials?
Mini-steel plants use electric furnaces, so pollution caused by coal is minimized. Most of the mini-steel plants are located in industrial towns but away from integrated steel plants. Therefore, they reduce transport costs and meet the local demand.
Mention two advantages that a mini-steel plant has over an integrated iron and steel plant. (2016)
- A mini-steel plant uses electric furnaces, therefore there is no pollution, whereas an integrated iron and steel plant uses coal which causes more pollution. 2. Mini-steel plants use scrap iron and sponge iron, whereas an integrated iron and steel plant has to obtain pig iron after removing the impurities from the iron ore.
What are petrochemicals? Name any two products made from petrochemicals. (2012)
Petrochemicals are those chemicals and compounds which are derived from petroleum resources. Examples: Plastics, PVC pipes, insecticides, synthetic rubber.
Name two products of the petroleum industry. (2015)
Polythene and nylon.
What are the main raw materials of petrochemicals?
- LPG, 2. Coal, 3. Petroleum.
What are the chemicals used for?
The chemicals obtained are used for making plastics, drugs, synthetic fibres, and insecticides.
Name two raw materials used in the petrochemical industry and state two advantages of petrochemical products.
Raw materials of the petrochemical industry are naphtha or ethylene and benzene. The two advantages of petrochemical products are that they are cost-effective and cheaper when produced on a large scale. The raw material is not dependent on agricultural material.
Which city is known as the electronic capital of India? Name any two major centres of electronic products.
Bengaluru is known as the electronic capital of India. The two major centres of electronic products are Hyderabad and Delhi.
State the importance of electronics in defence. Mention one important requirement of the electronics industry.
Electronics is mainly used in defence in communication, weapons, and general administration. The computer is an essential device of the electronic industry as it is used for electronic data.
Name the satellites launched by India which show the progress made in the sphere of space technology.
India has launched many satellites like INSAT and Chandrayaan-1.
Name the two cities which are important for software industries.
The two cities important for the software industry are Bengaluru and Hyderabad.
What is the significance of the electronic industry in modern times? Name the two cities that have leading software companies.
The electronic industry has become important in India because it has helped in communication, information technology, the medical field, space technology, defence, and transport. Bengaluru and Hyderabad.
Name the important centres known for the production of the following: Electronic goods, Petrochemicals. (2014)
Electronic goods: Hyderabad (Electronics Corporation of India Ltd.). Petrochemicals: Vadodara (Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd.).
Give one important centre of production of each of the following: BHEL, HMT.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL): Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Bengaluru in Karnataka. Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT): Bengaluru in Karnataka.
With which large-scale industry would you identify the following manufacturing centres? Kanpur, Rourkela, Pune, Mangalore.
Kanpur: Leather goods, shoes, and textiles. Rourkela: Steel Plant. Pune: Software. Mangalore: Petrochemicals and iron ore.
Why are forests grown in and around steel cities?
Forests are grown in and around steel cities to prevent pollution.
Why is the iron and steel industry mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of India?
The iron and steel industry is mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of India because all the raw materials like iron ore, coal, manganese, limestone, etc., are available in this region.
