Geography - Mineral Bsed Industry Flashcards
Classify industries on the basis of the nature of product. Give one example of each.
Heavy industries — example is iron and steel industry. Light industries — example are electric fans and sewing machines.
Mention any four factors which are responsible for the location of an industry.
Key factors are: Availability of raw materials nearby, Power supply (hydroelectric power and thermal power), Water supply from river or dam, Transport for carrying product to market and bringing raw materials.
What is a mineral-based industry? Why is it very important for India?
An industry which depends on mineral ores for its raw materials is classified as a mineral-based industry. It is very important for India because such industries increase India’s GDP rate and foreign exchange earnings. These industries generate a lot of employment.
What are basic industries? Give two examples.
Basic industries are those industries on which other industries depend for raw materials. Examples: Iron and steel industry and heavy machinery industries.
Which iron and steel industry of India is located away from the main coal areas? What is the main source of energy in the absence of coal?
The Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited is located at Bhadravati in Karnataka. As there are no coalfields in the neighbourhood, it initially used charcoal from the forests in Kadur and Shimoga districts. Now it uses hydroelectric power from the Sharavati project.
With reference to the TISCO, from where does it get its: Coal → Iron ore → Water supply?
Coal: Jharia in Jharkhand. Iron ore: Singhbhum in Jharkhand. Water supply: Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers.
Name one integrated iron and steel plant in the private sector. Where does it obtain its iron and coal from? (2014)
Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). It obtains iron ore from the Gurumahisani mines of Singhbhum, Keonjhar, and Mayurbhanj in Odisha. Coal is brought from Jharia in Jharkhand, which is 240 km away from Jamshedpur.
How is it advantageous for a mini-steel plant: To use electric furnaces? To be located close to the location of the raw materials?
Mini-steel plants use electric furnaces, so pollution caused by coal is minimized. Most of the mini-steel plants are located in industrial towns but away from integrated steel plants. Therefore, they reduce transport costs and meet the local demand.
Mention two advantages that a mini-steel plant has over an integrated iron and steel plant. (2016)
- A mini-steel plant uses electric furnaces, therefore there is no pollution, whereas an integrated iron and steel plant uses coal which causes more pollution. 2. Mini-steel plants use scrap iron and sponge iron, whereas an integrated iron and steel plant has to obtain pig iron after removing the impurities from the iron ore.
What are petrochemicals? Name any two products made from petrochemicals. (2012)
Petrochemicals are those chemicals and compounds which are derived from petroleum resources. Examples: Plastics, PVC pipes, insecticides, synthetic rubber.
Name two products of the petroleum industry. (2015)
Polythene and nylon.
What are the main raw materials of petrochemicals?
- LPG, 2. Coal, 3. Petroleum.
What are the chemicals used for?
The chemicals obtained are used for making plastics, drugs, synthetic fibres, and insecticides.
Name two raw materials used in the petrochemical industry and state two advantages of petrochemical products.
Raw materials of the petrochemical industry are naphtha or ethylene and benzene. The two advantages of petrochemical products are that they are cost-effective and cheaper when produced on a large scale. The raw material is not dependent on agricultural material.
Which city is known as the electronic capital of India? Name any two major centres of electronic products.
Bengaluru is known as the electronic capital of India. The two major centres of electronic products are Hyderabad and Delhi.
State the importance of electronics in defence. Mention one important requirement of the electronics industry.
Electronics is mainly used in defence in communication, weapons, and general administration. The computer is an essential device of the electronic industry as it is used for electronic data.
Name the satellites launched by India which show the progress made in the sphere of space technology.
India has launched many satellites like INSAT and Chandrayaan-1.
Name the two cities which are important for software industries.
The two cities important for the software industry are Bengaluru and Hyderabad.
What is the significance of the electronic industry in modern times? Name the two cities that have leading software companies.
The electronic industry has become important in India because it has helped in communication, information technology, the medical field, space technology, defence, and transport. Bengaluru and Hyderabad.
Name the important centres known for the production of the following: Electronic goods, Petrochemicals. (2014)
Electronic goods: Hyderabad (Electronics Corporation of India Ltd.). Petrochemicals: Vadodara (Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd.).
Give one important centre of production of each of the following: BHEL, HMT.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL): Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Bengaluru in Karnataka. Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT): Bengaluru in Karnataka.
With which large-scale industry would you identify the following manufacturing centres? Kanpur, Rourkela, Pune, Mangalore.
Kanpur: Leather goods, shoes, and textiles. Rourkela: Steel Plant. Pune: Software. Mangalore: Petrochemicals and iron ore.
Why are forests grown in and around steel cities?
Forests are grown in and around steel cities to prevent pollution.
Why is the iron and steel industry mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of India?
The iron and steel industry is mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of India because all the raw materials like iron ore, coal, manganese, limestone, etc., are available in this region.
Explain three reasons as to why there is a large concentration of iron and steel industry plants in the Chota Nagpur plateau.
There is a large concentration of iron and steel plants in the Chota Nagpur plateau because raw materials like iron ore, limestone, coal, and manganese are all found in this region. These are bulky commodities involving large transportation costs, so the industries are located in this region.
The iron and steel industry constitutes the backbone of modern industrial economy. Give two reasons to justify the statement.
- The iron and steel industry is the base of modern industry as other industries are dependent on it, examples are automobile, shipbuilding, machine tools, etc. 2. Infrastructure, bridges, agricultural implements, which are of importance for a developed economy, are provided by this industry.
Mention two reasons for the development of the petrochemical industry in India.
The petrochemical industry has developed in India because: 1. It is engaged in the manufacturing of a wide variety of articles like plastics, fertilizers, etc. 2. It is cheaper and produced on a large scale.
Most of the petrochemical units are in Maharashtra or Gujarat. Give two reasons to explain why?
Most of the petrochemical units are in Maharashtra or Gujarat because: 1. The raw materials are derived from LPG and petroleum, which is found in plenty in these states. 2. A number of refineries are also located in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
Explain why petrochemical products are becoming more popular.
Petrochemical products are becoming more popular due to the following reasons: They are cheaper, so they are produced in large quantities. Raw materials are easily available. Not dependent on agricultural raw material. Prices don’t vary very much. Cost-effective.
Why has the electronics industry grown in importance?
The electronics industry has grown in importance due to the demand and use of electronic goods like televisions, VCRs, audio systems, computers, mobile, and space technology. The technically skilled employees have changed India into a superpower.
Give two geographical reasons for the growth of IT industries in Bengaluru.
The IT industry has grown around Bengaluru due to: 1. The presence of the electronic industry. 2. Its proximity to the port and the availability of skilled IT professionals.
Mention two reasons for the importance of the electronic industry in India’s development.
The Electronic Industry is important in India’s development for the following reasons: 1. Development in communication and transport like telephones, planes, cars, etc. 2. In entertainment channels like television, radio, etc. 3. Space technology and software industry. 4. Defence technology.
Give reasons for each of the following: Products made from petrochemicals are growing in popularity. The electronics industry contributes to the development of the country.
Products made from petrochemicals are growing in popularity as they are cheaper and cost-effective. Prices do not vary much, and the raw materials are easily available. The electronic industry has contributed to the development of trade in the following areas: 1. Communications, for example, telephones and mobile. 2. Entertainment such as televisions and radio. 3. Space technology, for example, it has helped in the launching of satellites like INSAT and Chandrayaan. 4. Defence technology, for example, designing defence equipment and machinery.
What is a mini steel plant?
A mini steel plant is a small steel plant which uses electric furnaces, scrap iron, and sponge iron and produces liquid steel or stainless steel. They are situated near the cities and supply products for the bigger factories.
What is an integrated plant?
An integrated steel plant is one in which all the processes from smelting of iron ore, steel making, and shaping of the metal are done in one complex.
What are petrochemicals?
A petrochemical industry manufactures goods using organic chemicals and compounds derived from petroleum products like gas and coal.
What are the raw materials required for the iron and steel industry?
- Iron ore, 2. Coal (for fuel), 3. Manganese (increases the strength of steel), 4. Limestone or dolomite (fluxing material).
Mention any three advantages that a mini steel plant has over an integrated steel plant.
- A mini steel plant uses electric furnaces, scrap iron, and sponge iron and produces liquid steel or stainless steel. 2. They are situated near the cities and supply products for the bigger factories. 3. Investment is less, and fewer people are required to run it.
Answer the following questions regarding the Rourkela Steel plant: Name the collaborator. Where does it get its power from? From where does it get its iron ore?
Collaborator: Germany. Power: Hirakud Dam. Iron ore: Barsua, Mayurbhanj.
What do you know about the following? The Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., PetroFed Cooperative Ltd.
The Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd.: This is the first public sector enterprise and is responsible for the manufacture of petrochemicals such as polymers and polyester fibres. PetroFed Cooperative Ltd.: It is a joint venture company of the Co-operative Society of Weavers and the government of India.
What is an mineral-based industry? Why is it very important for India?
An industry which depends on metallic minerals for its raw materials. It is important because it increases India’s GDP and foreign exchange earnings, and generates a lot of employment
Mention two reasons for the development of the petrochemical industry in India.
The petrochemical industry has developed in India because:
(i) It is engaged in the manufacturing of a wide variety of articles like plastics, detergents, etc.
(ii) The products are produced on a mass scale.
Differentiate between Large Scale Industry and Small Scale Industry.
Large Scale Industry :
1. Employs a large number of people
2. Capital investment is more
3. Finished Products are Heavy and large
Small Scale Industry:
1. Employs a smaller number of people
2. Capital Investment Less than 10 crore rupees
3. Finished Products are Lighter and smaller
Differentiate between Mini Steel Plants and Integrated Steel Plants.
Mini Steel Plants:
1.These Plants are Spread out in all directions
2.They have Electric furnaces
3.Capital Investment is Less
4. Raw Materials Sponge iron, scrap iron, etc.
Integrated Steel Plants:
1.Concentrated near raw materials
2.Blast furnaces
3.Capital Investment is Heavy
4. Raw Materials Coal, iron ore, limestone, etc
Differentiate between Public Sector and Private Sector.
Public Sector:
1.Public Sector industries are owned and managed by the state.
Examples of Public Sector are - GAIL, BHEL.
Private Sector:
2.Private Sector industries are owned and managed by a group of individuals.
Examples of Private Sector are - Reliance, Wipro.
Differentiate between Village Industries and Cottage Industries.
Village Industries:
Village industries are common in villages and cater to the local market.
Examples are - handlooms, pottery, food processing, pickles making, khadi etc.
Cottage Industries:
In Cottage industries skilled artisans and craftsmen make articles from their home, assisted by their family members.
Examples are - carpet weaving, handicrafts etc.
