Chemistry - HCl Flashcards
Mg (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
Observation: Effervescence (bubbles) of hydrogen gas (H₂)
Zn (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
Observation: Effervescence (bubbles) of hydrogen gas (H₂)
Fe (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
- Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) → FeCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
- Observation: Effervescence (bubbles) of hydrogen gas (H₂)
- Note: FeCl₂ is iron(II) chloride.
CuO (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
CuO (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CuCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l)
Note: CuCl₂ is copper(II) chloride (blue in solution).
NH₄OH (aq) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
NH₄OH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NH₄Cl (aq) + H₂O (l)
Na₂CO₃ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
- Na₂CO₃ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)
- Observation: Effervescence of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂)
CuCO₃ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
CuCO₃ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CuCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)
Observation: Effervescence of CO₂, solution turns blue (CuCl₂ forms).
NaHCO₃ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
NaHCO₃ (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)
Observation: Effervescence of CO₂.
Ca(HCO₃)₂ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Ca(HCO₃)₂ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + 2H₂O (l) + 2CO₂ (g) \n* Observation: Effervescence of CO₂.
Na₂SO₃ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Na₂SO₃ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g) \n* Observation: Effervescence of sulfur dioxide gas (SO₂).
MgSO₃ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
MgSO₃ (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g) Observation: Effervescence of SO₂.
NaHSO₃ (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
NaHSO₃ (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g) \n* Observation: Effervescence of SO₂.
Na₂S (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Na₂S (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H₂S (g) \n* Observation: Effervescence of hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S) (smells like rotten eggs).
FeS (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
FeS (s) + 2HCl (aq) → FeCl₂ (aq) + H₂S (g)
Observation: Effervescence of H₂S.
CuS (s) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
CuS (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CuCl₂ (aq) + H₂S (g) \n* Observation: Effervescence of H₂S, black CuS changes to blue CuCl₂.
AgNO₃ (aq) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
AgNO₃ (aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + HNO₃ (aq) \n* Observation: White precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) forms.
Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → PbCl₂ (s) + 2HNO₃ (aq) \n* Observation: White precipitate of lead(II) chloride (PbCl₂) forms. \n* Note: PbCl₂ is soluble in hot water.
Na₂S₂O₃ (aq) + dil. HCl (aq) →?
Na₂S₂O₃ (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + SO₂ (g) + S (s) + H₂O (l) \n* Observation: Effervescence of SO₂, yellow precipitate of sulfur (S) forms.
MnO₂ (s) + 4HCl (conc.) →?
MnO₂ (s) + 4HCl (conc.) → MnCl₂ (aq) + 2H₂O (l) + Cl₂ (g) \n* Observations: A gas (chlorine) is evolved which is greenish-yellow in color and has a strong, choking smell. Reaction requires heat (Δ).
PbO₂ (s) + 4HCl (conc.) →?
PbO₂ (s) + 4HCl (conc.) → PbCl₂ (aq) + 2H₂O (l) + Cl₂ (g) \n* Observations: Chlorine gas evolved. Reaction requires heat (Δ).
Pb₃O₄ (s) + 8HCl (conc.) →?
Pb₃O₄ (s) + 8HCl (conc.) → 3PbCl₂ (aq) + 4H₂O (l) + Cl₂ (g) \n* Observations: Chlorine gas evolved. Reaction requires heat (Δ).
2KMnO₄ (s) + 16HCl (conc.) →?
2KMnO₄ (s) + 16HCl (conc.) → 2KCl (aq) + 2MnCl₂ (aq) + 8H₂O (l) + 5Cl₂ (g) \n* Observations: Chlorine gas evolved (more abundantly than with the other oxides). Reaction requires heat (Δ). The intense purple color of permanganate fades.
K₂Cr₂O₇ (s) + 14HCl (conc.) →?
K₂Cr₂O₇ (s) + 14HCl (conc.) → 2KCl (aq) + 2CrCl₃ (aq) + 7H₂O (l) + 3Cl₂ (g) \n* Observations: Chlorine gas evolved. Reaction requires heat (Δ). The orange dichromate solution turns green as CrCl₃ forms.
What happens when a glass rod dipped in ammonia solution is brought near HCl vapors?
- Dense white fumes of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) are formed.
- NH₃ (aq) + HCl (vapour) → NH₄Cl (dense white fumes)
What happens when silver nitrate solution is added to dilute HCl (acidified with dilute HNO₃)?
- A curdy white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) is obtained. \n* AgNO₃ (aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (white ppt.) + HNO₃ (aq) \n* The AgCl precipitate is soluble in excess ammonia solution and insoluble in dilute HNO₃ and cold water. \n* AgCl + 2NH₄OH (excess) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl (soluble diamine silver chloride) + 2H₂O \n* Note: This test also distinguishes dilute HCl from dilute HNO₃.
What happens when a mixture of manganese dioxide and concentrated HCl is heated?
A greenish-yellow gas (chlorine, Cl₂) is evolved.
MnO₂ + 4HCl (conc.) → MnCl₂ + 2H₂O + Cl₂ (g)
Note: This reaction proves that HCl contains chlorine.
What are some major industrial uses of hydrochloric acid?
In the manufacture of: Dyes: , Drugs , Textiles Artificial silk
What are some other uses of hydrochloric acid?
- For cleaning metals (e.g., removing rust).
- In the leather industry.
- In the electroplating industry.
