Chemistry Acid Base Salt Flashcards
Memorize
Balance the equation: H + Cl → HCl
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
Balance the equation: H + I → HI
H₂ + I₂ → 2HI
Complete the equation: CO₂ + H₂O →
CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃
Complete the equation: SO₂ + H₂O →
SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃
Complete the equation: SO₃ + H₂O →
SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄
Balance the equation: Na + O₂ → Na₂O
4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
Balance the equation: Mg + O₂ → MgO
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Complete the equation: K₂O + H₂O →
K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
Complete the equation: Na₂O + H₂O →
Na₂O + H₂O → 2NaOH
Complete the equation: KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →
KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ (conc.) → KHSO₄ + HNO₃
Complete the equation: NaCl + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →
NaCl + H₂SO₄ (conc.) → NaHSO₄ + HCl
Complete the equation: S + HNO₃ (conc.) →
S + 6HNO₃ (conc.) → H₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 6NO₂
Complete the equation: AlCl₃ + 3NaOH →
AlCl₃ + 3NaOH → 3NaCl + Al(OH)₃↓ (white ppt.)
Complete the equation: FeSO₄ + 2NaOH →
FeSO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + Fe(OH)₂↓ (green ppt.)
Complete the equation: Pb(NO₃)₂ →
2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂
What happens when acids react with bases? Give a general equation.
Acids neutralize bases to form salt and water. BASE + ACID → SALT + WATER
Complete the reaction: CuO + H₂SO₄ (dil.) →
CuO + H₂SO₄ (dil.) → CuSO₄ + H₂O
Complete the reaction: NaOH + HCl →
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
What happens when acids react with active metals (like Mg
Al
Complete the reaction: Zn + 2HCl (dil.) →
Zn + 2HCl (dil.) → ZnCl₂ + H₂
What general reaction occurs when a less volatile acid (Acid I) is heated with a salt (Salt I) of a more volatile acid (Acid II)?
A double displacement reaction occurs
Complete the reaction (T < 200°C): NaCl + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →
NaCl + H₂SO₄ (conc.) → NaHSO₄ + HCl
Complete the reaction (T < 200°C): NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →
NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ (conc.) → NaHSO₄ + HNO₃
Complete the reaction: 2NaHCO₃ + H₂SO₄ (dil.) →
2NaHCO₃ + H₂SO₄ (dil.) → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 2CO₂
Complete the reaction: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl (dil.) →
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl (dil.) → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
What happens when alkalis (bases) are heated with ammonium salts? Give a general equation.
Alkalis react with ammonium salts on heating to liberate ammonia gas. AMMONIUM SALT + BASE (I) → SALT (II) + BASE (II) (Ammonia)
Complete the reaction: NH₄Cl + NaOH →
NH₄Cl + NaOH → NaCl + NH₃ + H₂O
What happens when alkalis react with certain metallic salt solutions? Give a general description.
Alkalis react with certain metallic salt solutions to precipitate insoluble metal hydroxides.
Complete the reaction: CuCl₂ + 2NaOH →
CuCl₂ + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Cu(OH)₂↓ (blue ppt.)
Complete the reaction: FeCl₃ + 3NaOH →
FeCl₃ + 3NaOH → 3NaCl + Fe(OH)₃↓ (red-brown ppt.)
Complete the reaction: ZnSO₄ + 2NaOH →
ZnSO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + Zn(OH)₂↓ (white ppt.)
How are binary salts synthesized?
By the direct combination (synthesis) of a metallic element with a non-metallic element.
Write the equation for the synthesis of Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) and state its solubility.
2Fe + 3Cl₂ → 2FeCl₃ [soluble] (Direct Combination)
Write the equation for the synthesis of Aluminium(III) chloride (AlCl₃) and state its solubility.
2Al + 3Cl₂ → 2AlCl₃ soluble
Write the equation for the synthesis of Iron(II) sulfide (FeS) and state its solubility.
Fe + S → FeS insoluble
Write the equation for the synthesis of Zinc sulfide (ZnS) and state its solubility.
Zn + S → ZnS insoluble
Write the equation for the synthesis of Lead(II) sulfide (PbS) and state its solubility.
Pb + S → PbS [insoluble] (Direct Combination)
How are soluble salts of active metals synthesized?
By the reaction of an active metal with a dilute acid (displacement reaction).
Give the general equation for the reaction of an active metal with a dilute acid.
Active Metal + Acid (dil.) → Soluble Salt + Hydrogen
Write the equation for the reaction of Iron with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and name the salt formed.
Fe + H₂SO₄ (dil.) → FeSO₄ + H₂ (Iron(II) sulfate) (Displacement)
Write the equation for the reaction of Iron with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and name the salt formed.
Fe + 2HCl (dil.) → FeCl₂ + H₂ (Iron(II) chloride)(Displacement)
Write the equation for the reaction of Zinc with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and name the salt formed.
Zn + H₂SO₄ (dil.) → ZnSO₄ + H₂ (Zinc sulfate)(Displacement)
Write the equation for the reaction of Magnesium with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and name the salt formed.
Mg + 2HCl (dil.) → MgCl₂ + H₂ (Magnesium chloride)(Displacement)
What type of reaction is a precipitation (double decomposition) reaction?
A reaction where two soluble salts in solution react to form two new salts
What is a precipitate?
An insoluble solid formed during a precipitation reaction.
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NaCl → ? Name the products and indicate the precipitate.
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NaCl → 2NaNO₃ + PbCl₂↓ (Lead(II) chloride is the precipitate)(Double Decomposition)
CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → ? Name the products and indicate the precipitate.
CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → 2NaCl + CaCO₃↓ (Calcium carbonate is the precipitate)(Double Decomposition)
ZnSO₄ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → ? Name the products and indicate the precipitate.
ZnSO₄ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + ZnCO₃↓ (Zinc carbonate is the precipitate)(Double Decomposition)
Zn(NO₃)₂ + Na₂CO₃ → ? Name the products and indicate the precipitate.
Zn(NO₃)₂ + Na₂CO₃ → 2NaNO3 (Double Decomposition)
