Geography Homework

Question 1

How geological structure(concordant/discordant, joints and faults) and rock types(hard/soft rocks) influence erosional landforms(headlands and bays, caves,arches,cliffs,stacks. Wave cut platforms) in the formation of coastal landscapes of erosion

Answer 1

Joints and faults can depend on headlands and bays because a bay will consist of soft rock that can be easily eroded meaning more less resistant rock can be eroded. The more resistant rock will be the headland as it is not eroded. Discordant coastlines is where erosion creates headlands and bays

Question 2

Step 1 in answer
Concordant and discordant and what they do the landform
(Discordant)

Answer 2

A discordant coastline has a series of rock types. It usually takes turns in terms of soft and hard rock. It contains soft limestone which is a hard rock. The resistant rock faces the coast(headland) and the bay which has the weak rock is rock eroded in

Question 3

Step 2

Concordant coastlines

Answer 3

A concordant coastline is when the strata is parallel to the coastline. Concordant coastlines have coves which widen overtime as of erosion. This process forms a steep cliff

Question 4

Step 3

Joints

Answer 4

Joints are very small cracks which are created as of erosion that happens 24/7. The waves smash the rock and start to create cracks

Question 5

Faults

Answer 5

Faults are like joints, but much bigger. The cracks are compressed by waves and air and eventually the rock will have a big enough crack in order for it to crack

Question 6

How are caves , arches,stacks and stamps created

Answer 6

The rock will have weakness, where the joint or fault is. The waves erode the base of the rock, expanding it. The process of hydraulic action and abrasion overtime will cause a crack to turn into a cave

Question 7

Arches how do they affect a rock

Answer 7

Arches are weathered by chemical and biological processes. As of erosion the arch gets wider and it makes the roof collapse. Making a stack

Question 8

Stack

Answer 8

The stack will be eroded, creating wave-cut notch. The stack will collapse as of this and a stump is formed

Question 9

How UK climate(seasonality,storm frequency,prevailing winds),marine(destructive waves) and sub-aerial processes(mass movement,weathering)are important in coastal landscapes of erosion as well as the rate of coastal retreat.

Answer 9

Coastal retreat happens a lot as of mass movement. If it is raining in the uk a lot of rock/sediment will be retreating. The waves will be destructive in winter in the SW as of a lot of storms and winds coming from that direction. Mechanical weathering affects the landform of rocks.

Question 10

Step 1

Answer 10

The seasonality is winter as there are more destructive waves as of winds are quite high in winter. An example is January

Question 11

Step 2

Answer 11

As of high winds being in winter. The storm frequency will be higher especially in SW as of the winds heading in that direction

Question 12

Step 3

Weathering

Answer 12

Mechanical weathering is when seawater gets into cracks and as of that cracks expand. More seawater will enter the crack via erosion

Question 13

EQ2

4.3c

Answer 13

How sediment transportation (longshore drift) and deposition processes(constructive waves) influence coastal landforms(spits,beaches and bars)on coastal landscapes of deposition

Question 14

What is required for a bar

Answer 14

Longshore drift

Question 15

What is longshore drift

Answer 15

Longshore drift is when materials will be deposited onto sand(swash) then pulled back due to gravity(backwash)

Question 16

Waves

Answer 16

Waves are constructive and move diagonally with materials repeating the process of longshore drift

Question 17

As of materials heading diagonally……

Answer 17

A spit will start to form

Question 18

Link with spit and a bar

Answer 18

If the spit starts to grow as of erosion, the bar will also grow

Question 19

How are beaches form

Answer 19

Sediment that is carried through the water, is deposited, the process continues forever and will make a beach

Question 20

What forms a lagoon

Answer 20

Two headlands joining together along with a bay

Question 21

What is deposited into a lagoon

Answer 21

Other rivers carry their own sediment to the lagoon and deposits its sediment there

Question 22

4.4a

Answer 22

How human activities(development,agriculture,industry and coastal management) have direct or indirect effects on coastal landscapes

Question 23

Gas works

Answer 23

Gas works can really impact on cliffs because it widens the cliff which makes it unstable

Question 24

As of the cliff being unstable

Answer 24

The cliff will collapse

Question 25

The industry can cause

Answer 25

Pollution of water

Question 26

What do humans do to stop erosion

Answer 26

They use groynes in order for erosion to not spread onto land

Question 27

Disadvantage of groynes

Answer 27

Waves can fasten the erosion around the coastal landscape

Question 28

How is agriculture involved

Answer 28

Farms are not protected because they are weak. Erosion spreads 2M every year

Question 29

How is development bad for coastal landscapes

Answer 29

Development can cause really bad pollution across the whole landscape

Question 30

Indirect effects

Answer 30

The indirect affects ar