Geography Homework Flashcards
How geological structure(concordant/discordant, joints and faults) and rock types(hard/soft rocks) influence erosional landforms(headlands and bays, caves,arches,cliffs,stacks. Wave cut platforms) in the formation of coastal landscapes of erosion
Joints and faults can depend on headlands and bays because a bay will consist of soft rock that can be easily eroded meaning more less resistant rock can be eroded. The more resistant rock will be the headland as it is not eroded. Discordant coastlines is where erosion creates headlands and bays
Step 1 in answer
Concordant and discordant and what they do the landform
(Discordant)
A discordant coastline has a series of rock types. It usually takes turns in terms of soft and hard rock. It contains soft limestone which is a hard rock. The resistant rock faces the coast(headland) and the bay which has the weak rock is rock eroded in
Step 2
Concordant coastlines
A concordant coastline is when the strata is parallel to the coastline. Concordant coastlines have coves which widen overtime as of erosion. This process forms a steep cliff
Step 3
Joints
Joints are very small cracks which are created as of erosion that happens 24/7. The waves smash the rock and start to create cracks
Faults
Faults are like joints, but much bigger. The cracks are compressed by waves and air and eventually the rock will have a big enough crack in order for it to crack
How are caves , arches,stacks and stamps created
The rock will have weakness, where the joint or fault is. The waves erode the base of the rock, expanding it. The process of hydraulic action and abrasion overtime will cause a crack to turn into a cave
Arches how do they affect a rock
Arches are weathered by chemical and biological processes. As of erosion the arch gets wider and it makes the roof collapse. Making a stack
Stack
The stack will be eroded, creating wave-cut notch. The stack will collapse as of this and a stump is formed
How UK climate(seasonality,storm frequency,prevailing winds),marine(destructive waves) and sub-aerial processes(mass movement,weathering)are important in coastal landscapes of erosion as well as the rate of coastal retreat.
Coastal retreat happens a lot as of mass movement. If it is raining in the uk a lot of rock/sediment will be retreating. The waves will be destructive in winter in the SW as of a lot of storms and winds coming from that direction. Mechanical weathering affects the landform of rocks.
Step 1
The seasonality is winter as there are more destructive waves as of winds are quite high in winter. An example is January
Step 2
As of high winds being in winter. The storm frequency will be higher especially in SW as of the winds heading in that direction
Step 3
Weathering
Mechanical weathering is when seawater gets into cracks and as of that cracks expand. More seawater will enter the crack via erosion
EQ2
4.3c
How sediment transportation (longshore drift) and deposition processes(constructive waves) influence coastal landforms(spits,beaches and bars)on coastal landscapes of deposition
What is required for a bar
Longshore drift
What is longshore drift
Longshore drift is when materials will be deposited onto sand(swash) then pulled back due to gravity(backwash)
Waves
Waves are constructive and move diagonally with materials repeating the process of longshore drift
As of materials heading diagonally……
A spit will start to form
Link with spit and a bar
If the spit starts to grow as of erosion, the bar will also grow
How are beaches form
Sediment that is carried through the water, is deposited, the process continues forever and will make a beach
What forms a lagoon
Two headlands joining together along with a bay
What is deposited into a lagoon
Other rivers carry their own sediment to the lagoon and deposits its sediment there
4.4a
How human activities(development,agriculture,industry and coastal management) have direct or indirect effects on coastal landscapes
Gas works
Gas works can really impact on cliffs because it widens the cliff which makes it unstable
As of the cliff being unstable
The cliff will collapse
The industry can cause
Pollution of water
What do humans do to stop erosion
They use groynes in order for erosion to not spread onto land
Disadvantage of groynes
Waves can fasten the erosion around the coastal landscape
How is agriculture involved
Farms are not protected because they are weak. Erosion spreads 2M every year
How is development bad for coastal landscapes
Development can cause really bad pollution across the whole landscape
Indirect effects
The indirect affects ar
