Geography EDEXCEL B -Development 2.6 PV Flashcards
What have been the effects of air pollution due to economic growth for India?
- Air pollution is the fifth biggest cause of death in India - 620,000 deaths a year - Air pollution reduces life expectancy by 3.2 years for 660 mil Indians in cities - Indoor pollution from indoor fires and paraffin stoves kills over 1 million a year - Many workers suffer from heart and lung disease and chronic bronchitis - Pollution causes crop yields to fail - Most Indians breathe unsafe air
Why has economic development caused an increase in air pollution?
- More factories and bigger factories are made as industry develops - More cars are needed by people due to urbanisation - 12,000 cars are added to Delhi’s streets daily - More power needed so more coal power plants built
What have been the effects of water pollution in India?
- Water pollution causes disease - Affecting urban development - Less that 1/3 of sewage generated in urban areas is treated - Flow of untreated sewage nearly doubled to 24,000 million litres/day 1981-2008 - India’s water supply goes under pressure in quality - 80% of India’s surface water is polluted
Why has economic development caused an increase in water pollution?
- More people in cities means that India’s water supply nips under pressure in quantity - quality sacrificed for quality - More waste is being produced than India’s treatment system can handle - Pollution from factories causes both air and water pollution
What have been the effects of deforestation/desertification in India?
- 32% of India’s total land is undergoing land degradation - 68% of the country is prone to drought - Food demand increases - 25% of India’s land is undergoing desertification - Flooding destroys villages - Water supply is under pressure in quantity
Why has economic growth caused deforestation/desertification in India?
- Urban expansion means that land has to be destroyed - Climate change due to pollution - Demand for forest based products means more commercial logging - population pressure - Excessive extraction of ground water causes desertification - Overgrazing
What have been the effects of climate change in India?
- Desertification - Increasing evaporation meaning water shortages - Food shortages because of drought and variable rainfall - Intense rain causes flooding destroying homes and crops - 10,000 families made homeless 2012 due to flooding - India accept Paris global climate agreement - emissions rose by nearly 60% 1993-2007
Why has economic development caused climate change?
- Power plants for more energy sending out emissions - Lots of cars needed for growing urban population - Deforestation and desertification - Growth of industry - India are developing too fast and don’t have time to reduce pollution
Why has infant mortality rate fallen in India? - fallen from 89 in 1991 to 43.2 in 2014
- Increased access to safe water supplies as government has more money to spend on them - Waterborne disease one of the biggest child killers - Better hospitals and more doctors for care of children
What does the fact that there is more money in the economy in India mean for demographic data?
- Children become an economic burden so they are more expensive/harder to bring up - Better water supplies made - More doctors and more hospitals made - Greater GDP per capita so less money needed by people - Life expectancy, maternal mortality, etc improves
Why has dependency ratio fallen in India? - fallen from 70.4% in 1991 to 51.8% in 2014 - % under 14 decreased from 37.7 to 28.5 - % over 65 increased from 3.8 to 5.8
- Lower fertility rate means that less children are being born - Better healthcare means that life expectancy increases so % over 65 increases - GDP / capita increases so children no longer needed for income
