C1 - 3.3 Cities And Their Land Use Change Over Time

Question 2

What are the five stages cities go through?

Answer 2

Urbanisation, suburbanisation, de-industrialisation, counter-urbanisation, regeneration

Question 3

Why did the UK through the urbanisation stage?

Answer 3

In most places urbanisation is linked to industrialisation (e.g. uk 1760-1850) The industrial revolution and better transport attracted workers to towns as cities grew. More factories were built as populations grew

Question 4

What happens in emerging countries when factories re-locate there?

Answer 4

This causes the cities there to undergo the urbanisation stage like the UK did, slums and apartments springing up around

Question 5

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 5

Suburbanisation is the movement of people from the middle of cities to the edges

Question 6

Why does suburbanisation happen?

Answer 6

When developed cities become too crowded and polluted, people who can afford it move out of the centre to the suburbs that have more green space and are cleaner. Improvements in transport allow for easy commuting to city centres from suburbs

Question 7

Why do cities go through de-industrialisation?

Answer 7

De-industrialisation can happen as rural areas have cheaper rents, or competition form abroad as overseas countries have lower costs

Question 8

What happens to cities due to de-industrialisation?

Answer 8

De-industrialisation leads to de-population as people move leave old industrial areas. Unemployment also increases as industry declines leading to poverty and low living standards

Question 9

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 9

Counter urbanisation is the movement of people away from large urban areas to smaller settlements in rural areas

Question 10

Why does counter-urbanisation happen to cities?

Answer 10

In developed countries people think they’ll have a higher quality of life in rural areas, and house prices are usually lower. Better transport (e.g. increased car ownership) mean that people can love further from cities and commute to work.

Question 11

How does improved communication cause counter-urbanisation?

Answer 11

improved communication makes it easier to work from home and so live in rural areas without going to city (so companies can move out too)

Question 12

Why does regeneration happen?

Answer 12

Governments and private companies invest in new developments (e.g. high quality flats) to attract people and business back to the city centre, reversing urban decline.

Question 13

Who does regeneration mainly attract and why?

Answer 13

Young people as they want to live close to work and in areas with good entertainment services

Question 14

Why does re-urbanisation tend to continue once it’s started (caused by regeneration)?

Answer 14

As soon as some businesses invest and people start to return, more businesses are encouraged to return too

Question 15

What are the three main types of land use in cities?

Answer 15

Commercial, industrial, residential

Question 16

Why are different zones created within a city?

Answer 16

Particular areas of the city meet certain requirements, causing different types of land use to be found in each area

Question 17

What is the CBD’s land use like?

Answer 17

The CBD has: - commercial and public buildings - high building density - meeting of many major roads

Question 18

What is the inner city’s land use like?

Answer 18

• Mainly residential low-class housing - Older industry - short, parallel roads - terraced housing - large factory buildings

Question 19

What are the suburbs land use like?

Answer 19

• Mainly residential medium-class housing - short, curved streets and cul-de sacs

Question 20

What is the rural-urban fringe land use like?

Answer 20

• A mix of commercial business parks and residential high-class housing - more green space between built-up areas - clusters of larger office buildings - shopping centres with car parks

Question 21

How does accessibility influence the land use of city centres?

Answer 21

City centres are usually very accessible as they are the locations of main train and bus stations and at the centre of te road network. So shops and offices locate there since they need to be accessible by lots of people

Question 22

How does accessibility (land use) affect industry and business?

Answer 22

The edges of major cities are near major motorway junctions and airports and there is little congestion so new business often set up there. Industry set up there too as good transport links are necessary

Question 23

What 4 things influence the land use of cities?

Answer 23

Accessibility, planning regulations, availability, cost

Question 24

How do planning regulations affect land use in cities?

Answer 24

City planners try to control how cities develop by deciding what types of buildings can be built where. Often polluting industries are banned from city centres so they move to the RUF. Some cities have strict limits on development in the RUF (e.g. greenbelt) which stops the city from sprawling into countryside

Question 25

How does cost affect land use in cities?

Answer 25

The CBD has high demand and therefore high cost. Some businesses and shops can afford to locate there but few homes are there due to high prices. Houses tend to increase in size from inner city to ruf as land becomes cheaper, making them far from business/commercial areas.

Question 26

How does availability affect land use in cities?

Answer 26

• In the city centre almost all land is in use so demand is high, therefore businesses often extend upwards - Lots of space on the edges of cities allows for large buildings to be built (e.g. industry) - In suburbs there is space for gardens attracting residential