Genitourinary System Flashcards
The main function of this organ is to filter
and excrete body fluids
The Kidneys
As we age, blood flow to the kidneys ________ with diminished cardiac output.
Decreases
As we age, fluid and electrolytes remain in the _______ _______, but the balance is fragile.
Normal Range
As we age, bladder capacity decreases by _____ %.
50%
About 75% of men over 65 experience ___________ of the _________ gland.
Hypertrophy, Prostate.
Older women experience _________ of the genital tract, ___________ of secretions and ____________.
Atrophy, decrease, thinning.
Decrease in the size of a body structure.
Atrophy
the enlargement of an organ or tissue
Hypertrophy
a disorder in which an organ or tissue of the body wastes away.
Distrophy
Involuntary, spontaneous, or induced reflex emptying of the urinary bladder.
Autonomic Bladder
the presence of bacteria in the urine.
Bacteriuria
an inability of a usually continent person to reach the toilet in time to avoid the unintentional loss of urine
Total Incontinence
the surgeon detaches the ureters from the bladder and brings one or both to the surface of the abdomen. The hole created in the abdomen is called a stoma, a reddish, moist abdominal protrusion.
Cutaneous Ureterostomy
involuntary urination, especially by children at night.
Enuresis
a person is usually aware of the need to urinate, but for one or more physical or mental reasons they are unable to get to a bathroom.
Functional Incontinence
the presence of blood in urine.
Hematuria
a small urine reservoir that is surgically created from a small segment of bowel.
Ileal conduit
A flexible plastic tube (a catheter) inserted into the bladder that remains (“dwells”) there to provide continuous urinary drainage
Indwelling Urethral Catheter
a procedure in which the patient periodically passes a disposable catheter through the urethra into the bladder for the purpose of emptying it of urine.
Intermittent Urethral Catheter
Urination
Micturition
the complaint of involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with exertion, effort sneezing or coughing
Mixed Incontinence
Damaging or destructive to the kidneys.
Nephrotoxic
the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding
Nocturia
the involuntary release of urine from an overfull urinary bladder, often in the absence of any urge to urinate.
Overflow Incontinence
when the bladder muscle contracts and urine leaks (sometimes in large amounts) without any warning or urge
Reflex Incontinence
Measure of the density of the urine vs the density of water
Specific Gravity
a condition (found chiefly in women) in which there is involuntary emission of urine when pressure within the abdomen increases suddenly, as in coughing or jumping.
Stress Incontinence
a surgically created connection between the urinary bladder and the skin used to drain urine from the bladder in individuals with obstruction of normal urinary flow. The connection does not go through the abdominal cavity.
Suprapubic Catheter
a temporary type of urinary incontinence caused by an illness or a specific medical condition that is short-lived and is, therefore, quickly remedied by appropriate treatment of the condition and a disappearance of symptoms.
Transient Incontinence
A sudden involuntary contraction of the muscular wall of the bladder causing urinary urgency, an immediate unstoppable urge to urinate
Urge Incontinence
any one of several surgical procedures to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway.
Urinary Diversion
the inability to completely or partially empty the bladder.
Urinary retention
24 hr urine output less than 50 ml (indicates renal failure)
Anuria
Painful or difficult urination
Dysuria
Glycosuria
Presence of sugar in urine
Scanty or greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time; 24 hr urine output less than 400 ml
Oliguria
Excessive output of urine (diuresis)
Polyuria
Protein in the urine, indication of kidney disease
Proteinuria
Pus in urine; urine appears cloudy
Pyuria
Stoppage of urine production
Suppression
Normal pH of urine
6.0, with a range of 4.6-8.0
Normal specific gravity of urine?
1.015-1.025
the presence in the urine of abnormal amounts of sugar
Glycosuria
What can indicate kidney disease?
Proteinuria
