Genital Tract Infections 2

Question 1

brucella canis would cause __ of the scrotum and the diagnostic test of choice is a __ culture

Answer 1

inflammation, blood/semen

Question 2

Brucella is a major pathogen of economic significance but most are not found in the US. which species is most often encountered in the US?

Answer 2

brucella canis

Question 3

all strains of brucella are ZOONOTIC except for __

Answer 3

B. ovis (sheep host)

Question 4

brucella are gram __rods , __ and oxidase __

Answer 4

negative rods, strict aerobes, positive

Question 5

carrier animals of brucella have the organism as __ organisms within macrophages and repro tract cells and are typically shed by newly infected animals in __ secretions

Answer 5

facultative intracellular organisms, repro tract secretions

Question 6

brucella is transmitted by __ contact by route of what 4 things?

Answer 6

direct

1. ingestions (milk/genitalia)
2. exposure of mucosal surfaces
3. venereal (males intermitent shed)
4. congenital

Question 7

brucella proliferates best in cells with high levels of __ and then spread to the fetus causing __

Answer 7

erythritol, abortion

Question 8

brucella can shed for up to __ weeks post abortion and may persist inside __ in repro tract, udders and other tissues

Answer 8

6, macrophages

Question 9

all brucella species are a major cause of __ and __

Answer 9

abortion and infertility

Question 10

brucella abortus

Answer 10

1. bovine abortion in cows (usually > 5mths in 1st pregnancy, thickened placenta and necrotic cotyledons)
2. epididymitis and orchitis in bulls
3. fistulous withers and poll evil in horses

Question 11

brucella canis

Answer 11

1. canine abortion (>50 days) and infertility in bitches and sick pups
2. epididymitis, sperm abnormalities and infertility in dogs
3. systemic dissemination in dogs (prostatitis, meningoencephalitis, discospondylitis, anterior uveitis, osteomyelitis, glomerulonephritis)

Question 12

brucella suis

Answer 12

mostly feral pig populations but has a broader host range

1. abortion in sows
2. orchitis and epididymitis in boars
3. disseminated infections occur more commonly than in B. abortus

Question 13

brucella ovis

Answer 13

1. mostly causes epididymitis in older rams
2. abortion in ewes (rare/late term)
3. decreased flock fertility rates

Question 14

brucella melitensis

Answer 14

GOATS
1. abortion (late)
2. epididymitis/orchitis
3. mastitis

Question 15

what is the most severe of the brucella infections?

Answer 15

brucella melitensis -> goat cheese is a problem mostly in mexico

Question 16

diagnosis of brucella

Answer 16

1. blood test is best but you can sample parts of the repro tract or fetus-> tell lab its zoonotic
2. semen evaluation for B canis
3. testicular/epididymal palpation for B ovis
4. PCR (not widely available)

Question 17

T/F: B canis is a reportable disease

Answer 17

F but the other brucellas are

Question 18

brucella tx for ruminants and pigs

Answer 18

slaughter

Question 19

brucella tx for dogs

Answer 19

1. combo therapy with multiple courses of high dose antibiotics
2. castrate
3. never presume they’re cured
4. no tx regime is 100% effective in all patients

Question 20

campylobacter causes __ and __

Answer 20

diarrhea and abortion

Question 21

C. jejuni affects what species?

Answer 21

humans, dogs, cats, calves, primates , sheep, goats

Question 22

C. fetus ssp. venerealis affects what species?

Answer 22

cattle

Question 23

C. fetus ssp. fetus affects what species?

Answer 23

sheep, goats, cattle

Question 24

campylobacter are transmitted through __ (jejuni and fetus ssp) or __ (fetus ssp. venerealis)

Answer 24

ingestion, venereal

Question 25

ingestion of campylobacter may invade the GIT and cause __ with subsequent localization in the __

Answer 25

septicemia, repro tract

Question 26

C. fetus ssp. venerealis

Answer 26

carried in the male repro tract asymptomatically and transmitted during breeding to the female where it causes an ascending infection that leads to infertility, early embryonic death, and occasionally abortion

Question 27

c. fetus ssp. fetus

Answer 27

abortion in sheep lives in GIT and transmission is via ingestion with invasion into the bloodstream and localization in the repro tract -> placentitis

Question 28

listeria is mostly in __ and has a __ and ___ form

Answer 28

visceral and neurologic form

Question 29

listeria monocytogenes

Answer 29

neonatal septicemia liver milk spots placentitis and contamination of amniotic fluid causing fetal infection and late term abortion in ruminants

Question 30

venereally transmitted horse diseases

Answer 30

- Klebsiella pneumoniae - Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Taylorella equigenitalis (Contagious Equine Metritis; CEM; foreign to US)

Question 31

venereally diseases of cattle

Answer 31

Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis, Leptospira serovars, Mycoplasma bovigenitalum, Ureaplasma diversu

Question 32

venereally diseases of sheep, pigs, dogs

Answer 32

brucella ovis, B. suis, B. canis