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Next Generation Exam 2 > Genital Tract Infections 1 > Flashcards

Genital Tract Infections 1 Flashcards

1
Q

balanoposthitis

A

inflammation of the penis and prepuce

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2
Q

prostatitis is more common in __

A

dogs

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3
Q

the dog lacks __

A

seminal vesicles

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4
Q

endometritis

A

inner most lining of the uterus inflammation -> prevents development of pregnancy

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5
Q

the __ urethra in males protects against __ infections of the prostate

A

long, retrograde

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6
Q

how is estrogen a non-immunological host defense?

A

increases blood supply to the vagina and uterus with increased myometrial activity, numbers of PMNs in the cervix and uterus and myeloperoxidase activity of phagocytic cells in the genital tract

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7
Q

What allows infections to occur?

A
  1. anatomy
  2. hormones and pathology
  3. other
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8
Q

how does anatomy allow agents to produce disease? whats an example in mares?

A

conformational defects that include sinking of the vagina in the older mare. This leads to increased vaginal pooling of urine, pneumovagina or cervial incompetency. Treat this condition with a caslicks procedure

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9
Q

how do hormones allow agents to produce disease in the genital tract?

A

during the luteal phase progesterone is produced which depresses phagocytosis, oxidative killing, and decreases myometrial activity resulting in retained pathogens.

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10
Q

how does e-coli cause infection during the luteal phase?

A

receptors for e. coli are expressed, which may allow colonization by strains of e-coli expressing appropriate adhesions which can lead to colonization and development of infections

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11
Q

older bitches may develop ___ in the presence of progesterone and e-coli. Repetitive hormone cycles cause __ and __ that makes a nice environment for bacterial proliferation after ascension into the uterus

A

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia, endometrial thickening and cysts

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12
Q

__ during parturition, retained __ and nutrition can also help agents to produce disease in the genital tract

A

trauma and fetal membranes

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13
Q

routes of bacterial transmission in the genital tract

A
  1. ascending
  2. hematogenous spread with localization in the genital tract
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14
Q

balanoposthitis

A

inflammation of the penis and/or prepuce

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15
Q

which bacteria/viruses cause balanoposthitis?

A
  1. corynebacterium renale MOST COMMON
  2. trueperella pyogenes +/- mycoplasma spp
  3. various herpesviruses
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16
Q

C. renale is a gram __

A

postive rod

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17
Q

balanoposthitis in horses is called ___ and is caused by __ and can recur from a __ state

A

equine coital exanthema, equine herpesvirus 3, latent

18
Q

C. renale is responsible for causing __ in predominantly __ as a result of increased __ in urine that is converted to __ damaging the preputial opening/penis epithelium and causing __ lesions

A

pizzle rot, urea, ammonia, ulcerative

19
Q

orchitis is inflammation of the __ and most infections are caused by __ spread

A

testes, hematogenous

20
Q

Epididymitis is mostly ___ infections from the __, especially in younger animals

A

ascending, urogenital tract

21
Q

__ are most commonly the species of orchitis and epididymitis and __ is most commonly the bacteria associated with these infections along with _ and __in young rams

A

Rams, brucella, actinobacillus seminis, histophilus somni

22
Q

prostatitis is most common in __ and is most commonly caused by __ causing acute/chronic inflammation, or abscesses that can rupture and lead to__

A

dogs, s. pseudointermedius, peritonitis

23
Q

diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis

A

Dz: ultrasound with hypoechoic areas of fluid, prostatic massage (may be contaminated by urethra), FNA/biopsy is most definitive

Tx: antibiotics needs to be highly fat soluble and a weak base (acidic prostate fluid) so fluoroquinolones and TMS are used

24
Q

seminal vesiculitis most commonly occurs in __ and is caused by _ and __

A

bulls, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and trueperella pyogenes

25
Q

what is the significance of seminal vesiculitis for male repro exams?

A

it is the most common cause of inflammatory cells detected during semen examination in bulls

26
Q

vaginitis and vulvitis is most commonly reported in dogs, cows, and sows. What bacteria are involved in each of these species?

A
  1. cows: mycoplasma and ureaplasma
  2. sows: E. coli
  3. dogs: Strep canis, e. coli, staph pseudintermedius
27
Q

__ bitches tend to resolve vaginitis/vulvitis as they age while __ animals tend to have an underlying factor

A

pre-pubertal, older

28
Q

uterine infections are typically due to __, __ or __ because the cervix is __ and infections are mostly __

A

breeding, pregnancy, parturition, open, ascending

29
Q

endometritis is inflammation of the __ and typically affects __ during __ and can be diagnosed by __

A

endometrium, mare, post-breeding, guarded swab or biopsy

30
Q

metritis is inflammation of the __ typically affecting __, __ and __ during __ and can be diagnosed by __ or __

A

wall of the uterus, cows, dogs, pigs, parturition, ultrasound +/- palpation or metricheck device

31
Q

endometritis in the mare after mating typically __ within 24-48 hours but infection may persist in some with __ being the most common isolate

A

clears, strep equi ss zooepidemicus

32
Q

if metritis persist and causes exudate in the uterine lumen __ may result

A

pyometra

33
Q

pyometra is more commonly observed in the __ and __

A

cow and dog

34
Q

pyometra in cattle is caused by diseased __ with a persistent corpus luteum, progesterone secretion and endometrial __

A

endometrium, hyperplasia

35
Q

in cattle pyometra cases the cervix is __ and myometrial contractions are __ with __ most commonly involved

A

closed, inhibited, trueperella pyogenes

36
Q

pyometra usually occurs in __, __ bitches during ___ when the estrogen primed endometrium comes under the influence of progesteron

A

unbred, older, diestrus

37
Q

what pathology of the uterus may occur concurrently with pyometra in bitches?

A

cystic endometrial hyperplasia (pyometra is the most severe stage)

38
Q

__ is the most common bacteria associated with pyometra in dogs

A

E. coli

39
Q

clinical pathology of a dog with pyometra would show __ +/- __

A

chronic inflammation +/- toxemia

40
Q

t/f: you can never collect vaginal discharge if you suspect pyometra

A

F! if you suspect open pyometra you can collect a sample with a guarded swab from the cranial vagina

41
Q

what is the best way to sample pyometra and get a definitive answer? why would you do this?

A

FNA of surgical sample because e. coli are not predictably susceptible

42
Q

why are bitches with pyometra often pu/pd?

A

E. coli endotoxin interferes with action of ADH on renal tubules resulting in medullary washout and isosthenuria

Next Generation Exam 2 (20 decks)

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