Genital Tract

Question 1

Ovaries, Roentgen signs:

Answer 1

Question 2

Uterus, Roentgen signs:

Answer 2

Question 3

Where are the ovaries and uterus found?

Answer 3

OVARIES - caudal and lateral to the kidneys in the retroperitoneum, attached to uterine horns

UTERUS - caudal central abdomen, between colon and UB

Question 4

What can cause mineralization within the uterus?

Answer 4

fetus - fetal bone ossification, count skulls

Question 5

How large are the uterine horns?

Answer 5

smaller than a small intestinal segment, difficult to see on radiographs

Question 6

Uterine body:

Answer 6

uterine body and cranial vagina between UB and caudal descending colon/rectum

Question 7

How is ovarian enlargement observed?

Answer 7

• look caudal to kidney on lateral radiographs
• look caudolateral on VD

Question 8

How does ovarian enlargement affect other organs?

Answer 8

ventral displacement of abdominal contents

Question 9

Ovarian differential diagnoses:

Answer 9

Question 10

How does uterine enlargement affect other organs?

Answer 10

cranial and central displacement of abdominal contents

Question 11

Uterine differential diagnoses:

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the most common cause of uteromegaly in intact animals?

Answer 12

pyometra - R and L horns enlarged, cranio-central intestines

Question 13

Where are testes normally located? How can radiography be used for pathology? What is the other modality of choice?

Answer 13

within the scrotum - disease of these testes usually do not require radiographic diagnosis

location of cryptorchid testes that have become enlarged

U/S is able to assess these testes

Question 14

When do skeletal fetal structures become mineralized and observable on radiographs?

Answer 14

• 43-54 days post-mating
• 46-49 days after LH peak

(pregnancy is always a differential for generalized enlarged uteromegaly in intact females!)

Question 15

Gravid uterus:

Answer 15

• fetal mineralization: at least 43 days!
• craniodorsal displacement of jejunum
• cranially located uterine horns
• VD: enlarged caudal mammilla surrounded by gas, more opaque than expected
• L: mammary development

Question 16

What is evident of this radiographs in a pregnant female 50 days post-coitus?

Answer 16

• faintly mineralized fetus right cranial/middle abdomen
• at this point, it should be much more opaque - likely fetal death
• minimal mammillary development that should be further along