Elbow Dysplasia Flashcards
What are the 3 major contributors to the normal cubital joint?
- humeral condyle
- radial head
- ulnar trochlear notch
What 2 pairs of structures contribute to normal congruency of the cubital joint?
- convexity of humeral condyle matched the ulnar trochlear notch
- growth between radial head and coronoid fossa of the ulna
Normal cubital joint:
Flexed cubital joint:
minor soft tissue swelling over tuber olecranon
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
anconeal process of ulna
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
trochlear notch of ulna
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
lateral coronoid process of ulna
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
medial coronoid process of ulna
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
radial head
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
radial physeal scar
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
medial coronoid process of ulna
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
trochlear notch of ulna
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
capitulum of radius
What structure is highlighted in this radiograph?
medial coronoid process of ulna
What are the 4 major radiographic findings seen with degenerative joint disease on the elbow joint?
- enthesophyte formation on the anconeal process
- periarticular osteophyte formation along radial head
- periarticular osteophyte formation on the medial coronoid process
- epicondylar enthesopathy (medial)
What are the 3 most common structural abnormalities that cause elbow dysplasia?
- incongruity between humeral condyle and ulnar trochlear notch
- incongruity between humeral condyle and radial head
- incongruity between radial head and coronoid fossa of the ulna
What are the 3 major pressure points in the cubital joint? How do they contribute to elbow dysplasia?
- anconeal process - ununited anconeal process
- trochlear articular surface of distal humeral condyle - osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans
- medial coronoid process - fragmentation
What are the 5 major signs of elbow dyspasia seen in this radiograph?
- ununited anconeal process
- incongruity between ulnar trochlea and medial condyle of the humerus
- incongruity between radial head and lateral condyle of the humerus
- subchondral bone sclerosis under trochlear notch
- periarticular osteophyte formation of blunted medial coronoid process
What position is best for radiographic evaluation of the humeral trochlea?
oblique supination —> external rotation
What are the 3 major rule outs for fragmented medial coronoid process?
- ununited anconeal process
- osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans
- angular limb deformity and secondary DJD of elbow joint
Describe the medial coronoid processes in the radiographs.
- normal
- blunted
- absent
- fragmented
Describe the medial coronoid processed in the radiographs.
- blunted by periarticular osteophytes and fragmentation
- fragmented
How does the distal humeral condyle normally develop? In what breed is incomplete ossification a heritable disease?
develop from 3 separate centers of ossification: lateral and media ossification centers fuse by 2.5-3 months; medial epicondyle fuses by 6 months
Spaniels
Developing humoral condyle:
What are 4 radiographic signs of incomplete ossification of humeral condyle?
- sclerosis of lateral epicondyle
- sclerosis of medial epicondyle
- incomplete ossification of humeral condyle (thin, radiotransluent line)
- fragmented coronoid process
