Abdominal Lymph Nodes & Wall Flashcards
Normal intra-abdominal lymph nodes:
not normally visible radiographically!
Abdominal lymph nodes, Roentgen signs:
What do the mesenteric and ileocolic lymph nodes drain? What can they be mistaken for then enlarged?
intra-abdominal organs —> intestines
mid-abdominal mass —> spleen
(M = jejunal LNs, IC = right colic LNs)
What can be observed in this radiograph showing a mid-abdominal mass?
- normal spleen
- mid-ventral mass (LN?)
Where is an enlarged medial iliac lymph node seen? How is it affecting other organs?
dorsal, caudal
ventrally displaced colon
What does the medial iliac lymph node drain?
- pelvic canal
- lower urinary tract
- perineal region
- pelvic limbs
- last 2-3 mammary glands
Lymph nodes, differential diagnoses:
What are the 3 most common causes of multifocal/generalized enlarged lymph nodes?
- round cell neoplasia: lymphoma, mast cell tumor, histiocytic sarcoma, plasmacytoma, melanoma
- metastasis
- infection: fungal, bacterial
What are the 3 most common causes of focal enlargement of lymph nodes?
- infection
- non-infectious inflammation
- metastatic neoplasia
know where these LN drain
What are the 3 major extra-abdominal body wall structures able to be visualized on radiography?
- soft tissues: muscles, pelvic diaphragm, fascial planes, SQ tissues, mammary tissues
- bones: vertebra (sacrum), pelvis, coxal joints, femurs, os penis, os clitoris
- thorax: caudal thorax: lungs, heart, caudal mediastinum
What is the body condition of this patient like?
large amount of dorsal SQ fat and intra-abdominal mass
- also a large RA —> take thoracic rads!
Body wall masses, Roentgen signs:
What are the most common structure of body wall masses? How are they characterized?
fusiform and broad based
by location in the wall and tissues involved (muscle, fat, skin)
What should be considered based on the location of the abdominal body mass?
ventral mass near mammary chain —> r/o mammary adenocarcinoma
- aspirate/biopsy!
What is the mammary chain like in this radiograph?
increased soft tissue opacity along chain
What is a common sign of trauma in the abdomen?
(sub)cutaneous emphysema
- check body wall for compromise or herniation at the diaphragm, pelvic diaphragm, and body wall, and fractures
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia:
intestines in thorax and missing from abdomen
What incidental vertebral findings are commonly seen in the abdomen?
spondylosis deformans - ventral growth crosses disc space
What intervertebral disc space abnormalities can. be seen in the abdomen?
- intervertebral disc degeneration
- discospondylitis - inflammatory disease of the spine characterized by infection of the intervertebral disc, adjacent vertebral endplates, and vertebral bodies
What aggressive lesions can be seen in the abdominal vertebrae?
- neoplasia
- osteomyelitis
moth-eaten to permeative osteolysis, irregular/ill-defined margins and periosteal reactions
Abdominal radiograph from a 7 y/o MN mixed breed dog HBC. Identify the body wall defect and any other abnormalities.
- increased soft tissue opacity of the ventral SQ tissues near the prepuce, likely hemorrhage or edema
- caudoventral body wall defect, likely avulsion of the prepubic tendon with resulting herniation
- L femoral fracture
- spondylosis deformans near pelvis
Abdominal radiographs from 11 y/o FS Corgi with progressive weight loss and vomiting
TRUE OR FALSE:
- There is normal peritoneal serosal margin detail
- There is normal retroperitoneal serosal margin detail.
FALSE - streaking of abdominal fat, suggesting small volumes of fluid
TRUE - fat dorsal to the kidney is uniform and normal
Abdominal radiographs from 11 y/o FS Corgi with progressive weight loss and vomiting
TRUE OR FALSE:
- The hepatic margins are rounded.
- The gastric axis is displaced.
- The spleen is generally enlarged.
- There is an ill-defined mid-abdominal mass.
- The colon is abnormal.
FALSE - no enlargement seen, sharp margins
FALSE
FALSE - no enlargement at all
TRUE - central soft tissue opacity on a jejunal segment
FALSE
Abdominal radiographs from 11 y/o FS Corgi with progressive weight loss and vomiting
TRUE OR FALSE:
- The right kidney is small.
- The left kidney is enlarged.
- Urinary bladder is markedly enlarged.
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
genitourinary tract is normal radiographically
Abdominal radiographs from 11 y/o FS Corgi with progressive weight loss and vomiting
TRUE OR FALSE:
- Soft tissue structures of the abdominal body wall are normal.
- Patient has normal body condition.
- Portion of the thorax is normal in collimation.
- There is an abdominal body wall mass.
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
