Genetics - section 4

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

study of heredity- characteristics children inherit from their parents

Question 2

genomic medicine

Answer 2

uses understanding of biochemical relationship b/w genes/disease to diagnose and manage disease

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

genes an organism has for a given trait

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

expression of genes

Question 5

alleles

Answer 5

alternate form of genes. Dominant allele masks the effects of a recessive allele for the same trait

Question 6

homozygous

Answer 6

trait has two identical alleles for the trait, aa or AA

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

trait has two different alleles for the trait. Aa

Question 8

somatic cells

Answer 8

have diploid # of chromosomes 46

Question 9

gametes

Answer 9

have haploid # of chromosomes. 23

Question 10

How many autosomal chromosomes?

Answer 10

22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

Question 11

How many sex chromosomes?

Answer 11

1 pair. Female - XX. Males - XY

Question 12

karyotype

Answer 12

display of chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis

Question 13

homologous chromosome

Answer 13

chromosome pairs

Question 14

genome

Answer 14

consists of all genes found in haploid # chromosomes from one parent

Question 15

locus

Answer 15

each gene occupies specific locus (location) on chromosome

Question 16

multiple alleles

Answer 16

alleles exist in many different forms

Question 17

Gene complete dominance

Answer 17

dominant allele masks the effects of the reserve allele

Question 18

Gene codominance

Answer 18

two alleles at the same locus are expressed, so that separate distinguishable phenotypes occur at same time.
ABO blood

Question 19

Gene incomplete dominance

Answer 19

dominant allele doesn’t completely mask effects of recessive allele

Question 20

polygenic traits

Answer 20

result from interaction of many genes.
height, intelligence, eye color etc

Question 21

Sex-linked traits

Answer 21

traits affected by genes on the sex chromosome

Question 22

x-linked traits

Answer 22

affected by genes on X chromosome. seen more frequently in males because males only have one X chromosome

Question 23

y-linked traits

Answer 23

are affected by genes on Y chromosome

Question 24

meiosis

Answer 24

results in production of gametes (sex chromosome)

Question 25

pungent square

Answer 25

determines probability of particular alleles being transmitted to the next generation

Question 26

carrier

Answer 26

for a recessive trait is heterozygous for the trait (Aa). Having one normal allele and one disorder-causing allele

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

change in the # of nucleotides in DNA

Question 28

some genetic disorders occur..

Answer 28

b/c abnormal distribution of chromosomes during gamete formation