GENETICS PRINCIPLE Flashcards
Study of inheritance or the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
GENETICS
A group of related red cell antigens which is similar in terms of biochemical structure, location in RBC, serologic properties and genetic control of antigen expression
BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS
How many blood group system are now present in Immunohematology?
45 Blood Group System
Basic unit of inheritance
GENES
Linear structure within the nucleus that contains DNA
CHROMOSOMES
What are the 2 types of Chromosomes?
Somatic/Autosome- 22 pairs 44 chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes- 1 pair, XX and XY, 23 pairs 46 chromosomes
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
Actual set of genes inherited from parents/actual genetic makeup of an individual
GENOTYPE
Physical or observable expressionof inherited genes
PHENOTYPE
it is used to calculate the frequency of the resulting genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of the cross
PUNETT SQUARE
One or two more genes that express a given trait
ALLELES
Location of gene of Alleles
Locus
Term used to refer to the opposite gene
ANTITHETICAL
Genetic system that expresses multiple products
ex. MHC Genes
POLYMORPHIC GENE
Gene whose product is always expressed
DOMINANT GENE
Gene whose product is always expressed when inherited in a homozygous way
RECESSIVE GENE
Genes whose products are BOTH expressed
CODOMINANT GENES
Both genes for a given trait are the same
HOMOZYGOUS GENES
Genes for a given trait are different
HETEROZYGOUS GENES
Dosage effect which produces antigens that are expressed by homozygous genes
STRONGER AGGLUTINATION
Dosage effect which produces antigens that are expressed by heterozygous genes
WEAKER REACTIONS
ex. KIDD, DUFFY, RH, MNSs Blood Group System
It is used to refer when 2 Genes are on the same side of the Chromosome
CIS
It is used to refer when 2 Genes are on the different side of the Chromosome
TRANS
2 Genes in the Chromosome are very close to each other
LINKED GENES
Linked set of Genes that are inherited and expressed together
HAPLOTYPE
Product of the gene will always be expressed
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
Product of the gene will only expressed if homozygous
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
Father to daughter transmission of trait
SEX-LINKED DOMINANT
Mother to son transmission of trait
SEX-LINKED RECESSIVE
Equal expression of inherited alleles/genes
CODOMINANT
All the members of a family that carry the allele show the physical characteristic.
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
A recessive trait that is carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait
Autosomal Recessive inheritance
If the father carries the trait on his X chromosome, he has no sons with the trait, but all his daughters will have the trait.
Women can be either homozygous or heterozygous for an X- linked trait.
X-linked Dominant Inheritance
The father always expresses the trait but never passes it on to his sons.
• The father always passes the trait to all his daughters, who are then carriers of the
trait.
• With an X-linked recessive trait, a disease-carrying gene can be passed from generation to generation with many individuals not affected.
X-linked Recessive Inheritance
The father always expresses the trait but never passes it on to his sons.
• The father always passes the trait to all his daughters, who are then carriers of the
trait.
• With an X-linked recessive trait, a disease-carrying gene can be passed from generation to generation with many individuals not affected.
X-linked Recessive Inheritance
Phenotypesthatlacktheexpressionoftheredcell antigens of a particular blood group systems.
NULL PHENOTYPES
Gene that expresses no product
Silent/Amorphic gene
Gene that inhibits the expression of another gene
Regulator/Suppressor gene
