Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems - Inheritance Flashcards
What is the definition of a gene
A DNA base sequence which codes for a polypeptide or a functional RNA
What is the definition of an allele
Different version of a gene
What is the definition of a genotype
The genetic constitution of an organism
What is the definition of a phenotype
The expression of the genotype and its appearance due to the environment
What is the definition of the term ‘homozygous dominant’
When the allele on each homologous chromosome is the same and is always expressed in the phenotype when pressent
What is the definition of the term ‘Homozygous recessive’
When the allele on each homologous chromosome is the same and is only expressed in the phenotype when copies are present
What is the definition of heterozygous
When the allele on each homologous chromosome is different
What is the definition of the term ‘Monohybrid inheritance’
The inheritance of a single gene which determines a single characteristic
What is the definition of the term ‘Dihybrid inheritance’
Shows how two different characteristics determined by two different genes on different chromosomes are inherited
What is the definition of the term ‘Codominant alleles’
Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype
What is the definition of the term ‘Multiple alleles’
Some genes have more than two alleles and follow a dominance hierarchy
What is the definition of the term ‘sex linkage’
A gene carried on the X chromosome
