Biological molecules - ATP, Inoganic Ions and Water Flashcards
1
Q
Structure of ATP
A
- Adenine base
- Ribose sugar
- 3 phosphate groups
2
Q
Name 3 differences between ATP and DNA nucleotides
A
- ATP has a ribose sugar, DNA has a deoxyribose sugar
- ATP has 3 phosphates, a DNA nucleotide has one phosphate
- ATP alays has adenine as the base, a DNA nucleotide can have an A,C,T or G base
3
Q
What enzyme hydrolyses ATP
A
ATP hydrolase
4
Q
What enzyme synthesises ATP
A
ATP synthase
5
Q
Equation for hydrolysis of ATP
A
ATP + Water —> ADP + Pi
6
Q
3 biological processes the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is needed for
A
- Synthesising molecules
- Mitosis
- Muscle contraction
7
Q
Describe the role of ATP in phosphorylation
A
- When ATP is hydrolysed this produces ADP and Pi
- The released Pi can be added to other compounds to make them more reactive (phosphorylation)
8
Q
What is the role of Fe2+
A
- Found in haemoglobin as it helpsto transport oxygen to respiring cells
9
Q
What is the role of H+
A
- Determine the pH of a solution
- Used in photosynthesis and respiration
10
Q
What is the role of Na+
A
- Involved in the absorption of glucose into the blood via co-transport
- Involved with the production of electrical impulses in neurones
- Involved with water reabsorption in the kidneys
11
Q
What is the role of PO4(3+)
A
- Used in a condensation reaction for the formation of ATP
- Used in phosphorylation to make other molecules more reactive
- Present in phosphodiester bonds in DNA and RNA nucleotides
12
Q
How do hydrogen bonds form between water molecules
A
- Water molecule is polar
- delta negative oxygen on one water molecule is attracted to the delta positive hydrogen on a different molecule
13
Q
What are the properties of water
A
- Metabolite
- Solvent
- High heat capacity
- Large latent heat of vaporisation
- Cohesion between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding
14
Q
Why is being a metabolite biologically important for water
A
Used in condensation and hydrolysis reactions
15
Q
Why is being a solvent biologically important for water
A
Allows reactions to occur in the cell and for the transport of substances
