Cell Structure - Cell membranes Flashcards
Why is the cell membrane structure knows as fluid mosaic
- Fluid - The components can move around within the membrane
- Mosaic - Due to the pattern produced by the proteins embedded throughout the membrane
What are glycoproteins
Carbohydrate bound to a protein
What is the role of glycoproteins
The carbohydrate acts as a recognition site
What are glycolipids
Carbohydrate bound to a phospholipid
What is the role of glycolipids
The carbohydrate acts as a recognition site
What is the role of cholesterol
- Reduces the fluidity of the membrane by restricting the movement of other molecules
- Makes the membrane more rigid and less permeable
- Maintains the shape of the membrane
What is the role of phospholipids
- Forms a bilayer
- Allows lipid soluble and small, non-polar molecules to diffuse through
- Prevents the passage of charged and water soluble molecules
Define diffusion
The passive net movement of small non-polar or lipid soluble molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration down a concentration gradient
Define osmosis
The net movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential through a partially permeable membrane
Define facillitated diffusion
The passive net movement of water-soluble and charged molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through channel proteins or carrier proteins
Define co-transport
When 2 molecules are moved across the membrane by the same protein at the same time
Define active transport
The movement of molecules across the membrane against the concentration gradient via a specific carrier protein. Requires energy from the hydrolysis of ATP
Contrast active transport and facillitated diffusion
- Active transport uses energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, whereas facilitated diffusion does not
- Active transport uses carrier proteins only, whereas facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins and channel proteins
- In active transport, molecules are moved against a concentration gradient whereas in facilitated diffusion molecules are moved down a concentration gradient
Compare active transport and facillitated diffusion
- Both use carrier proteins
Step by step process of active transport
- The molecule binds to the carrier protein
- The carrier protein changes shape, and energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to transport the molecule against its concentration gradient