genetics - general

Question 1

what is dna

Answer 1

material that comes from hereditary info

Question 2

what are nucleotides made of

Answer 2

-PO4
- deoxyribose sugar
- N-base (A,C,T,G)

Question 3

what holds the sugar-phosphate backbone together

Answer 3

phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

what holds sugars and bases together

Answer 4

glyosidic bonds

Question 5

what are the key characteristics of DNA

Answer 5

1. double helix structure
2. anti parallel
3. complimentary
4. new dna from 5’ to 3’
5. a fork is half a bubble

Question 6

what fn group is found at the end of the 5’ end? 3’ end?

Answer 6

phosphate -5’
hydroxyl - 3’

Question 7

which base is unique to dna

Answer 7

thymine

Question 8

what are the differences between dna and rna

Answer 8

dna: deoxyribose, thymine, large, double stranded
rna: ribose, uracil, small, single stranded

Question 9

purines

Answer 9

adenine and guanine
- double ring

Question 10

pyrimidines

Answer 10

thymine and cytosine
- single ring

Question 11

genome

Answer 11

SUM of all organisms DNA

Question 12

histone

Answer 12

proteins that organize dna into tightly coiled structures (chromosomes)

Question 13

centromere

Answer 13

where spindle fibers attach to (non coding)

Question 14

telomere

Answer 14

end reigons of DNA, nonsense reigon that buffers loss (non coding)

Question 15

pseudogenes

Answer 15

never expressed due to mutations

Question 16

transposons

Answer 16

jumping genes that move around genome by copying, cutting and pasting themselves into chromosomes

Question 17

endogenous retroviruses (ERV)

Answer 17

extinct retroviruses that are stuck in genome

Question 18

gene

Answer 18

specific seq or dna that codes of rna or proteins

Question 19

promoter

Answer 19

where dna transcription begins

Question 20

exons (non coding)

Answer 20

expressed into a.a

Question 21

introns (non coding)

Answer 21

removed by spliceosomes before rna goes onto being transcribed

Question 22

stop codon

Answer 22

tells ribosome where protein-coding reigon ends during dna translation
- 3 stop codons

Question 23

what happens if telomere erodes

Answer 23

cell malfunctions and dies