Genetics , Evolution, and Behaviour

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

Threadlike structures inside a cell’s nucleus that carries genes

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

The section of a chromosome that controls the synthesis of one protein
-Composed of DNA

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

Any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site on the chromosome

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

An organism’s genetic make up

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

An organism’s observable traits

Question 6

Dominant gene

Answer 6

A gene that masks the effect of other genes

Question 7

Recessive gene

Answer 7

A gene that is expressed only in the absence of a dominant gene

Question 8

Polygenic Transmission

Answer 8

When a single phenotypic trait is controlled by more than one pair of genes
-Most traits have more than one gene that affects it

Question 9

Epigenetics

Answer 9

The study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in DNA sequence
-Gene expression may change with environmental factors

Question 10

Epigenome

Answer 10

can activate or inhibit gene expression
-These are rearranged during fertilisation