Genetics And Inheritance Flashcards
What does gene mean
They are a small section of DNA each coding for a specific trait, cellular structure and direct cellular energy
What does homolozygous chromosome mean
It means a chromosome that makes up a pair containing genes that control the same trait
What does locus mean
It’s the locus of a particular gene on a chromosome
What does allele mean
A pair of genes that control the same inherited trait and are located at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
What does homozygous mean
An individual with the same genes/alleles on homologous chromosomes e.g RR or rr
What does heterozygous mean
An individual with different genes/alleles on homologous chromosomes e.g Rr
What is the definition of genotype
Genetic makeup of an individual, combination of alleles present at one or more chromosomal location
What is the definition of a phenotype
The physical characteristics determined by genetic makeup and influenced by environmental factors
What are sex linkages
They are traits that are carried on sex chromosomes and are traits determined by the sex of the individual
What is a dominant allele
A gene that will show on the phenotype
What’s a recessive allele
A gene that will only show on the phenotype if there is no dominant allele present
What is a gamete
It’s a sex cell that carries 23 chromosomes
What is a haploid
A cell that has half the numbers of chromosomes characteristically found in somatic cells and found in gametes
What is a diploid
A cell that has the number of chromosomes characteristically found in somatic cells
What is an autosome
A chromosome that is not a sex chromosomes
