genetics

Question 1

what is formed by meiosis

Answer 1

gametes/sex cells/haploid cells

Question 2

what phase do sister chromatids separate

Answer 2

anaphase II

Question 3

what phase do homologous chromosomes cross over

Answer 3

prophase I

Question 4

law of segregation

Answer 4

• genes are separated
• each gamete possesses only one gene for a trait
• one allele from each parent

Question 5

law of independent assortment

Answer 5

inheritance of a trait does not depend on another
- inherited / sorted separately

Question 6

chromosomes that do not contain sex genes

Answer 6

autosomes

Question 7

polygenic inheritance

Answer 7

trait controlled by 2 or more genes

Question 8

non disjunction

Answer 8

chromosomes dont separate properly resulting in extra/less chromosomes on a gamete

Question 9

trisomy

Answer 9

zygote with extra chromosome

Question 10

photograph of chromosomes arranged by size and position of centromere

Answer 10

karyotype

Question 11

A graphical representation of genetic inheritance that shows the presence or absence of a particular trait in each member of each generation is called a

Answer 11

pedigree

Question 12

chromosomal mutation where part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to another chromosome

Answer 12

translocation

Question 13

metaphase I

Answer 13

lining up HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes

Question 14

Metaphase II

Answer 14

lining up INDIVIDUAL (haploid number) chromosomes

Question 15

Explain how and when crossing over occurs during meiosis.

Answer 15

• prophase 1
• homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over exchanging genetic material

Question 16

types of nondisjunction

Answer 16

in meiosis I and II

Question 17

gene that controls a specific trait

Answer 17

allele

Question 18

pleiotropy

Answer 18

single gene determines more than 1 phenotype

Question 19

epistasis

Answer 19

expression of one gene masks another