evolution exam Flashcards
evolution
change in the genetic make up of a population over many generations
What does evolution result in?
noticeable changes of traits in individuals
Natural selection
nature selects which variations and adaptations are passed on
gene pool
total number of alleles in a population
evolution occurs if there is a
change in frequency of alleles over time
variation
differences among individuals in a population
overproduction
when more individuals are born than can be supported in an environment
charles darwin proposed a theory of evolution by mechanism of
natural selection
speciation
firming new species
directional selection
extreme form of the trait, better fitness
disruptive selection
either extreme form of the trait, better fitness
stabilizing selection
average form of the trait, better fitness
purpose of hardy weinberg equilibrium
- examine changes in gene pool / allele frequencies
- how evolution can select for certain genes
- large population
- no mutations, gene flow, movement, natural selection
- random mating
conditions for hardy weinberg eq. to be true
genetic drift
chance events that change allele frequency
founder effect
small population separated from the rest of the population, starts a new population
- kind of genetic drift
what does the founder effect result in
lack of genetic diversity
geographic isolation
geographic barrier between populations reduces gene flow
Reproductive isolation
Loss to interbreed because of differences and adaptations brought by isolation
Convergent evolution
similar structures developed in unrelated organisms due to similar environment
Analogous structures
similar function dissimilar origin
divergent evolution
Different traits or structures developed due to different environments
- two populations separated
homologous structure
Common origin no common function
fitness
how many offspring are produced
