evolution exam Flashcards

1
Q

evolution

A

change in the genetic make up of a population over many generations

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2
Q

What does evolution result in?

A

noticeable changes of traits in individuals

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3
Q

Natural selection

A

nature selects which variations and adaptations are passed on

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4
Q

gene pool

A

total number of alleles in a population

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5
Q

evolution occurs if there is a

A

change in frequency of alleles over time

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6
Q

variation

A

differences among individuals in a population

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7
Q

overproduction

A

when more individuals are born than can be supported in an environment

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8
Q

charles darwin proposed a theory of evolution by mechanism of

A

natural selection

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9
Q

speciation

A

firming new species

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10
Q

directional selection

A

extreme form of the trait, better fitness

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11
Q

disruptive selection

A

either extreme form of the trait, better fitness

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12
Q

stabilizing selection

A

average form of the trait, better fitness

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13
Q

purpose of hardy weinberg equilibrium

A
  • examine changes in gene pool / allele frequencies
  • how evolution can select for certain genes
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14
Q
  • large population
  • no mutations, gene flow, movement, natural selection
  • random mating
A

conditions for hardy weinberg eq. to be true

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15
Q

genetic drift

A

chance events that change allele frequency

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16
Q

founder effect

A

small population separated from the rest of the population, starts a new population
- kind of genetic drift

17
Q

what does the founder effect result in

A

lack of genetic diversity

18
Q

geographic isolation

A

geographic barrier between populations reduces gene flow

19
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

Loss to interbreed because of differences and adaptations brought by isolation

20
Q

Convergent evolution

A

similar structures developed in unrelated organisms due to similar environment

21
Q

Analogous structures

A

similar function dissimilar origin

22
Q

divergent evolution

A

Different traits or structures developed due to different environments
- two populations separated

23
Q

homologous structure

A

Common origin no common function

24
Q

fitness

A

how many offspring are produced