Genetics

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Made up of phosphate, sugar, and base

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Bases include adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine
It located in the nucleus and mitochondria
Role is to transport genetic materials
Replication involves unwinding of two strands with DNA polymerase to synthesize new strand, add new base pair, proofread new teenage chain, if there’s errors recognizes and repairs leading and lagging

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Same bases as DNA plus uracil instead of thymine
Is located in cytoplasm
Earl is to translate DNA to make proteins and message DNA and ribosomes
Transcription involves message b/n RNA and DNA (messenger RNA mRNA), RNA polymerase starts at promoter (marker), DNA serves as template for mRNA nucleotide sequencing, mRNA contains message for ordering amino acid proteins
Three pairs make cod, which is a recipe for amino acid

Question 4

Codons

Answer 4

Sequence of amino acids 64 unique codons, including three stop codons

Question 5

Anticodons

Answer 5

Opposite of base pair, RNA function is protein synthesis, ribosomes (ribosomal RNA) enzyme form of RNA removes complete protein sequences

Question 6

What results from transcription?

Answer 6

Formation of DNA and mRNA

Question 7

What results from translation?

Answer 7

Codon process of RNA directing protein synthesis

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

Materials that hold our unique, genetic code comprised of nucleic acids, and proteins

Question 9

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 9

Deletion genetic mutation

Question 10

Pallister killian

Answer 10

Duplication, genetic mutation

Question 11

Crohn’s disease

Answer 11

Insertion genetic mutation

Question 12

Sickle cell disease

Answer 12

Substitution genetic mutation

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

One version of gene one set from each parent

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

Two different alleles

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Same allele from each parent

Question 16

Penetrance

Answer 16

Proportion of people with mutation, causing the disorder, clinically present with disorder

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Observable characteristics produced by the genotype such as down syndrome

Question 18

Expressivity

Answer 18

Range of phenotype variations and degree of expression

Question 19

Risk of reoccurrence

Answer 19

Probability with each pregnancy and same partners of offspring, having genetic disorder

Question 20

Dominant inheritance

Answer 20

Only need one copy gene causes trait to appear such as with polycystic, kidney disease, or Huntington’s

Question 21

Recessive inheritance

Answer 21

Need to copies of the allele for trait to appear examples includes sickle cell and cystic fibrosis

Question 22

Gender linked inheritance

Answer 22

Traits link to the X or Y chromosome most are X linked recessive gene (allele in females) manifests in male children like in duchenne MD