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Patho > Acid Base/fluid > Flashcards

Acid Base/fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonic acid

A

Aerobic metabolism CO2 + carbonic anhydrase

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2
Q

Lactic acid

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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3
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

Sulphur containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine, noneocystine, tourine)

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4
Q

Phosphoric acid

A

Phospho proteins, ribonucleic acids

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5
Q

Ketone bodies

A

Acetoacetic acid, beta hydroxybutyric acid
Synthesized form of acetylcoa by product of mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids

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6
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

ECF, 8 % of total body water, blood plasma
BP and vascular resistance

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7
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

ECF, 25% of total body water , fluid between cells, lymph, GI, spinal, eye, synovial fluids, between plasma and interstitial 4 starting forces

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8
Q

Intercellular fluid

A

ICF, 67% of total body water, inside cell, water moves freely across plasma membrane through aquaporins, ions through channel or transporter

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9
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Decreased pH, increased CO2, decreased bicarbonate
S/s-HA, restlessness, muscle twitching, sz, lethargy, change in mental status
Cause by hypercapnia due to COPD, decreased respirations due to OD, Brain injury, paralysis trauma

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10
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Increased pH, decreased CO2, increased bicarbonate
Due to hypocapnia, high altitudes, increased vent rate, fever, anemia, salicylate OD, anxiety
S/s-dizzy, confusion, sz, tachypnea, confusion

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11
Q

ROME

A

Respiratory opposite
Metabolic equal

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12
Q

Blood ph

A

7.35-7.45
Acidic-alkaline

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13
Q

3 mechanisms to maintain acid base balance

A

1 physiologic (chemical) buffer system in plasma first line
2 respiratory acid base control is quick to response in seconds to minutes
3 renal acid base control responds slow hours to days

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14
Q

ABG

A

PH 7.35-7.45
CO2 35-45
O2 80-100
HCO3 21-28
CO2 highly acidic, lungs
Bicarbonate HCO3 highly alkaline, kidneys
CO2 + H20< -> H2CO3<->H and HCO3

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15
Q

Metabolic acidosis with high anion gap

A

Serum K plus Na - serum Cl + HCO3
Normal is 6-12 gap
Greater than 12 is acidosis
Caused by MUDPILES
Methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde/phenformin/propofol toxicity, Iron, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates
Less than 12 non ion gap could be due to renal loss, GI loss, volume overload, high sodium, renal function issues

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16
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

PH decreased
HCO3 decreased
CO2 decreased
Due to lactic acidosis, renal disease, ingestion of acid precursors, starvation, DKA, GI loss
S/s- decreased MI contractility, decreased CO, hypotension, high potassium, high respiratory rate, HA, lethargy, change in mental status

17
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

Elevated pH
Elevated HCO3
Elevated CO2
Caused by hyper aldosteronism, enema, diuretic use, tums OD, enemies
S/s- potassium low, weakness, cramps, decreased Ca, hypoventilation, hyperactive reflexes, sz

18
Q

Total body water

A

Sum of fluids within all compartments usually as a %
Reasons someone’s TBW might not be 60%
Age (infants have more 70-80) decreases as we age
Women have about 50%
OB
Obesity 40-50

19
Q

Osmolality

A

Number of solute particles per 1 kg if solvent
TBW likes to be In equilibrium

20
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure excreted by a fluid at equilibrium at any point of time due to force of gravity, ICF, BP

21
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Also called colloid osmotic pressure, a type of osmotic pressure induced by plasma proteins like albumin

22
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semi permeable membrane (osmosis) interstitial fluid

23
Q

Mechanism to move fluids solvents

A

Osmosis- process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semi permeable membrane form a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one thus equalizing the confection of each side of the membrane
Diffusion movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration, free movement
Active transport- movements of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration assisted by transporters and requires energy

24
Q

Edema

A

Excessive accumulation of fluid within interstitial spaces
Capillary lymphatic vessels to tissue

25
Q

Increases capillary hydrostatic pressure in edema

A

Either venous obstruction or sodium water retention, venous obstruction ->increased hydrostatic pressure->pushes fluid into interstitial space
Causes include thrombophlebitis, blood clot, hepatic venous obstruction, CHF, tight clothing, prolonged standing

26
Q

Decreased capillary oncotic pressure in edema

A

Loss of plasma proteins like albumin like in liver diseases, malnutrition

27
Q

Increased capillary membrane permeability in edema

A

Inflammation and immune response

28
Q

Lymph channel obstruction in edema

A

Lymphatic channels are blocked due to tumor or infection or lymphedema

29
Q

Sodium potassium transport

A

Sodium is extra cellular
K is intercellular
Sodium maintains homeostasis through osmosis
K maintains homeostasis through active transport

30
Q

Isotonic fluid

A

Relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as one in a cell or body fluid
5% dextrose in water, 0.9 NaCl

31
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
H2O, water consistently being pulled to cell cause edema or bursting
“Hippo”

32
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
3% saline

33
Q

Plasma

A

Components-bicarbonate and carbonic acid and hgb
Roles- HCO3 is first line, albumin is negatively charged binds to Ca (high calcium results from acidosis albumin binds to H ions, decreased calcium more albumin to bind with calcium, Alkalosis)
Hgb carries H2CO3 which dissociates and hgb buffer H ions in lungs CO2 is expelled (released from hgb)

34
Q

Intracellular

A

Competents-proteins, phosphate
Roles- inorganic phosphates
Hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate and organic phosphates, AMP, glucose/phosphate, and 2,3 DPG

35
Q

Lungs

A

Component- CO2
Roles- lungs compensate when the chemical buffer fails to achieve homeostasis, minute ventilation is increased (blow off CO2) if fails kidneys take over

36
Q

Kidneys

A

Components-HCO3, ammonia, phosphates
Role- secrete H ions for removal in urine, reabsorption of filtered HCO3 ions, production of more HCO3 ions

Patho (17 decks)

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