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Biochemistry > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic promoters

A

-10 sequence (pribnow box) (TATAAT)
-35 sequence (TTGACA)

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2
Q

ribosome sites

A

-A site
-P site
-E site

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3
Q

those genes that code for proteins or factors that control the expression of structural genes

A

regulatory genes

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4
Q

basic unit of the gene that extends from the promoter to the terminator sequence.

A

transcription unit

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5
Q

a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA

A

promoter

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6
Q

3 major mRNA processing events

A

-capping
-tailing
-splicing

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7
Q

catalyzes peptide bond formation

A

peptidyl transferase center

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8
Q

kinds of transcriptional termination

A

-rho-independent termination
-rho-dependent termination

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9
Q

DNA template ends in a stretch of AAAAAA

A

Rho-independent termination

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10
Q

Post-translational modification

A

-phosphorylation
-glycosylation
-ubiquitination
-S-nitrosylation
-methylation
-N-terminal Acetylation
-Lipidation
- protein cleavage

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11
Q

process wherein polypeptide chains are synthesized

A

translation

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12
Q

this is done to remove non-protein coding segments

A

splicing

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13
Q

uses mRNA as template which determines the order in which different amino acid residues are to be joined

A

translation

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14
Q

the coding strand

A

sense strand

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15
Q

template strand

A

anti-sense strand

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16
Q

3 adjacent ribonucleotide along the mRNA which correspond to a specific amino acid

A

codonc

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17
Q

addition of a 5’ 7-methylguanosine cap

A

capping

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18
Q

removal of introns

A

Splicing

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19
Q

the correspondence between codons and amino acids

A

genetic code

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Eukaryotes Initiation process

A

transcription factors bind to the promoter first, helping the RNA polymerase to identify the binding site on the DNA.

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22
Q

it does not carry the translatable code

A

anti-sense strand

23
Q

ribosome is composed of

A

-large subunit
-small subunit

24
Q

protein that physically obstructs the RNA polymerase from transcribing the genes

A

repressor

25
Q

Terminator sequences/bases

A

UAG
UAA
UGA

26
Q

Elongation process

A

RNA polymerase ‘walks’ along one strand of DNA. For each nucleotide in the template, RNA polymerase adds a matching RNA nucleotide to the 3’ end of the RNA strand.

27
Q

segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes

A

Introns

28
Q

this is an mRNA processing event that was done to improve translation efficiency and stability

A

tailing

29
Q

a unit made up of linked genes which is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis.

A

operon

30
Q

Terminator sequence signals RNA polymerase to stop

A

Termination

31
Q
  • a region of the genome that ends up within an mRNA molecule
  • they contain information for making a protein
A

exons

32
Q

this is done to stabilize and prevent degradation of mRNA

A

capping

33
Q

a molecule that starts gene expression; it can bind to both repressors or activators; functions by disabling repressors

A

inducer

34
Q

P site

A

Peptidyl tRNA binding site

35
Q

A large RNA-protein complex that catalyzes the removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNA

A

spliceosomes

36
Q

E site

A

exit site

37
Q

a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor protein bind

A

operator

38
Q

contains the decoding center

A

small subunit

39
Q

addition of a 3’ poly-Atail

A

tailing

40
Q

a rho-protein is responsible fro transcriptional termination.

A

Rho-dependent termination

41
Q

narrow channels where the mRNA enters and exits

A

decoding center

42
Q

is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity.

A

transcriptional regulation

43
Q

transscription process

A

-Initiation
-Elongation
-Termination

44
Q

An RNA molecule in the process of being synthesized or a complete, newly synthesized RNA molecule before any alterations have been made.

A

Nascent RNA

45
Q

a unit of genetic function common in bacteria and phages; consists of coordinately-regulated clusters of genes with related functions.

A

Operon

46
Q

contains the peptidyl transferase center

A

large subunit

47
Q

Prokaryotes initiation process

A

RNA polymerase to the promoter directly

48
Q

the single-stranded RNA product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and proceed to yield various mature RNA products; mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

A

primary transcript

49
Q

Eukaryotic promoters

A
  • TATA box
    -CCAAT box
    -GC box
50
Q

typically function through binding and blocking critical DNA sequences in the gene, such as the promoter where mRNA transcription starts.

A

repressor

51
Q

a molecule that represses or prevents another molecule from engaging in a reaction.

A

inhibitor

52
Q

the DNA segment where the repressor molecule binds to the operon model

A

Operator

53
Q

A site

A

aminoacyl tRNA binding site

54
Q

the segment within double-stranded DNA that carries the translatable code.

A

sense strand

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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