Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
what is genetics
A
studies how genetic info about traits is passed from generation to generation
2
Q
what is inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms
A
the inheritance of traits determines genetic variation among offsprings
3
Q
why is genetic variation required
A
for evolution
4
Q
what makes organisms unique
A
the order of the nitrogenous bases in DNA
5
Q
structure of DNA
A
double helix
6
Q
what are chromosomes
A
- coiled DNA inside the nucleus of a cell
7
Q
what does DNA stand for
A
deoxyribonucleic acid which are huge molecules
8
Q
what does each chromosome carry
A
the genetic info for a specific set of traits in genes
9
Q
what is a gene
A
- a short segment of DNA controls the expression of a trait
- has instructions to make one protein
10
Q
proteins
A
- form from all cell structures and enzymes
- many hormones are proteins
- are critical for transporting materials across membranes
11
Q
what are somatic cells
A
- body cells
- diploid chromosomes
12
Q
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
A
-23 pairs
- 46 chromosomes
13
Q
how are sex cells produced
A
- meiosis
