genetics

Question 1

speciation

Answer 1

the formation of a new species, which can cause populations to become reproductively isolated

Question 2

reproductive isolation

Answer 2

members of two populations cannot interbreed & produce fertile offspring - Behavioral, geographic, and temporal isolation

Question 3

behavioral isolation

Answer 3

organisms have differences in dating rituals

Question 4

geographic isolation

Answer 4

organism are separated by geo barriers such as rivers, mountains, bodies of water

Question 5

temporal isolation

Answer 5

species reproduce at different times of the year

Question 6

cell differentiation

Answer 6

the process when an unspecialized (blank) cell develops into a mature specialized cell

Question 7

what controls the process of cell differentiation

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

how do unspecialized cells become specialized cells

Answer 8

DNA is expressed differently in different specialized cells [called gene expression]

Question 9

gene expression

Answer 9

the turning on or off of genes in DNA

Question 10

what causes gene expression

Answer 10

external factors such as temperature, presence of drugs & chemicals, and light & internal factors such as hormones & nutrients

Question 11

genetics

Answer 11

the field of biology that studies how traits are passed on from parent to child

Question 12

law of segregation

Answer 12

states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent

Question 13

law of independent assortment

Answer 13

states that genes segregate independently & don’t influence each other’s inheritance

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

a piece of DNA that directs a cell to make a certain protein

Question 15

allele

Answer 15

a variant form of a gene

Question 16

genotype

Answer 16

refers to the makeup of a specific set of genes

Question 17

phenotype

Answer 17

the physical expression of a trait

Question 18

codominance

Answer 18

both alleles are expressed {Black Chicken + White Chicken = Speckled Chicken (Black and white chicken)]

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

mixed of both traits [red + white flower = pink flower]

Question 20

multiple alleles

Answer 20

Multiple alleles are seen in one gene. Normally one gene has two possible alleles, an uppercase letter, and a lowercase letter. But in multiple alleles, there are more than two possible alleles to pick from. HOWEVER, the offspring will only get 2 alleles for each gene, one from each parent. Example: blood types

Question 21

polygenic inheritance

Answer 21

occurs when a trait is controlled by 2+ genes (ex: eye, skin color, height)

Question 22

sex chromosomes [what number]

Answer 22

23rd pair of chromosomes

Question 23

female sex chromosomes

Answer 23

XX

Question 24

male sex chromosomes

Answer 24

YY