animal & plant systems Flashcards
xylem
transports WATER from the roots to the rest of the plant
phloem
transports glucose from the leaves to the rest of the plant
transpiration
the process of water movement through plants & release into the atmosphere
phototropism
response to light
geotropism
response to gravity
thigmotropism
response to touch
hydrotropism
response to water
leafs
capture light for photosynthesis
stomata
Small openings/pores in the leaf where water (transpiration) and respiratory gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) can move in/out of the leaf
guard cells
controls and regulated when stomata open & closes
asexual reproduction in plants
Plants can reproduce by asexual (vegetative) means. Asexual plants are able to reproduce through structures such as rhizomes, plantlets, or runners. The new plants are genetically identical to the parent plant, unlike sexual reproduction.
sexual reproduction in plants
Plants can reproduce sexually using structures found in the plant flower. The male reproductive structure
produces sperm cells (pollen). The female reproductive structures include the ovule that produces the egg cells (ova).
pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower. Flowers are bright and colorful to attract pollinators like bees. Pollination is a prerequisite for fertilization: the fusion of nuclei from the pollen grain with nuclei in the ovule. Fertilization allows the flower to develop seeds which then goes through germination ‐ the process in which a plant emerges from a seed and begins growth.
positive feedback
keep increasing a response until the disturbance is over (ex: fever & childbirth)
negative feedback
a check & balance system that will reverse the disruption or disturbance (ex: temperature, blood glucose levels)
nutrient absorption
the body breaking down & absorbing nutrients from food
biosphere
the part of the earth’s crust, waters,
and atmosphere that supports life including the entire earth and the living organisms that inhabit it
ecosystem
biotic + abiotic things living together in an area
community
2+ populations of different species living together
population
a group of organism that belongs to the same group or species that live in the same geo area
organism
living thing
organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task
organ
a group of tissues that serve a common function
tissue
a group of cells that carry out a specific function
cell
the smallest functional unit of life
molecule
the smallest particle of a substance
atom
the smallest part of an element
integumentary
(skin) - protects the body, prevents water loss
muscular
(muscles) - movement of the body, attached to bones
skeletal
(bones) - support & protection of soft body parts/organs
nervous
(brain, spinal cord, nerves) - controls mental & bodily functions
endocrine
(pancreas, pituitary gland) - maintains homeostasis by releasing hormones
circulatory
(heart, blood vessels) - transport of materials to & from body cells
lymphatic
(spleen, thymus, tonsils) - remove dead cells & foreign bodies from body fluids
respiratory
(lungs, trachea) - exchange of gases between blood & the environment
digestive
(stomach, small intestine) - break down food for absorption into the blood
urinary
(kidney, bladder) - control of water balance & chemical makeup of blood
reproductive
(testes, ovaries) - production of sex cells
