biomolecules Flashcards
________ is the central atom; basic element of life
carbon
there are 4 types of _________ & are also known as _________
biomolecules, macromolecules
polymer
large unit of macromolecules (made of many joined monomers)
monomers
small subunits that are bonded together to make a polymer (aka building blocks)
carbohydrates function
immediate source of energy
carbohydrates monomer
monosaccharide
carbohydrates polymer
polysaccharide
carbohydrates bond
glycosidic bond
carbohydrates examples
anything ending with -ose, starch, bread, rice, etc
lipids function
long term energy, insulation, cell membrane, protective coating
lipids monomer & polymer
no monomer but made up of glycerol & fatty acid chains & polymer is lipid
lipids bond
ester bond
lipids examples
waxes, oils, butter, fats, cholesterol, PHOSPHOLIPIDS (makes cell membranes)
protein function
growth, repair, transport, enzymes
protein monomer & polymer
amino acids & protein (polypeptides)
protein bond
peptide bond
protein examples
meat, beans, eggs, nuts, ENZYMES (speed up chemical reactions)
nucleic acids function
stores & transports genetic info
nucleic acids monomer & polymer
nucleotide & nucleic acid
nucleic acids bond
phosphodiester bond
nucleic acids examples
DNA & RNA
catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme
protein that acts as a biological catalyst; speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
activation energy
the energy needed to get a chemical started
substrate
the reactant in a chemical reaction using an enzyme
active site
the small portion of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction
enzyme-substrate complex
a substrate-bound to the active site of an enzyme
how do enzymes work
they work by reducing the amount of energy needed to complete a chemical reaction so it occurs faster
what 3 factors can affect how enzymes work
temperature, number of substrates, pH level
can enzymes be reused
yes they can
enzyme’s specificity
Each enzyme is specific and ONLY acts on a particular substrate
denaturation
when the active site is destroyed or denatures
what causes denaturation
when the environment changes
what are the effects of denaturations
the substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme & the reaction cannot occur
