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biology > biomolecules > Flashcards

biomolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

________ is the central atom; basic element of life

A

carbon

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2
Q

there are 4 types of _________ & are also known as _________

A

biomolecules, macromolecules

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3
Q

polymer

A

large unit of macromolecules (made of many joined monomers)

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4
Q

monomers

A

small subunits that are bonded together to make a polymer (aka building blocks)

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5
Q

carbohydrates function

A

immediate source of energy

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6
Q

carbohydrates monomer

A

monosaccharide

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7
Q

carbohydrates polymer

A

polysaccharide

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8
Q

carbohydrates bond

A

glycosidic bond

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9
Q

carbohydrates examples

A

anything ending with -ose, starch, bread, rice, etc

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10
Q

lipids function

A

long term energy, insulation, cell membrane, protective coating

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11
Q

lipids monomer & polymer

A

no monomer but made up of glycerol & fatty acid chains & polymer is lipid

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12
Q

lipids bond

A

ester bond

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13
Q

lipids examples

A

waxes, oils, butter, fats, cholesterol, PHOSPHOLIPIDS (makes cell membranes)

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14
Q

protein function

A

growth, repair, transport, enzymes

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15
Q

protein monomer & polymer

A

amino acids & protein (polypeptides)

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16
Q

protein bond

A

peptide bond

17
Q

protein examples

A

meat, beans, eggs, nuts, ENZYMES (speed up chemical reactions)

18
Q

nucleic acids function

A

stores & transports genetic info

19
Q

nucleic acids monomer & polymer

A

nucleotide & nucleic acid

20
Q

nucleic acids bond

A

phosphodiester bond

21
Q

nucleic acids examples

A

DNA & RNA

22
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

23
Q

enzyme

A

protein that acts as a biological catalyst; speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

24
Q

activation energy

A

the energy needed to get a chemical started

25
Q

substrate

A

the reactant in a chemical reaction using an enzyme

26
Q

active site

A

the small portion of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

27
Q

enzyme-substrate complex

A

a substrate-bound to the active site of an enzyme

28
Q

how do enzymes work

A

they work by reducing the amount of energy needed to complete a chemical reaction so it occurs faster

29
Q

what 3 factors can affect how enzymes work

A

temperature, number of substrates, pH level

30
Q

can enzymes be reused

A

yes they can

31
Q

enzyme’s specificity

A

Each enzyme is specific and ONLY acts on a particular substrate

32
Q

denaturation

A

when the active site is destroyed or denatures

33
Q

what causes denaturation

A

when the environment changes

34
Q

what are the effects of denaturations

A

the substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme & the reaction cannot occur

biology (9 decks)

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