biomolecules

Question 1

________ is the central atom; basic element of life

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

there are 4 types of _________ & are also known as _________

Answer 2

biomolecules, macromolecules

Question 3

polymer

Answer 3

large unit of macromolecules (made of many joined monomers)

Question 4

monomers

Answer 4

small subunits that are bonded together to make a polymer (aka building blocks)

Question 5

carbohydrates function

Answer 5

immediate source of energy

Question 6

carbohydrates monomer

Answer 6

monosaccharide

Question 7

carbohydrates polymer

Answer 7

polysaccharide

Question 8

carbohydrates bond

Answer 8

glycosidic bond

Question 9

carbohydrates examples

Answer 9

anything ending with -ose, starch, bread, rice, etc

Question 10

lipids function

Answer 10

long term energy, insulation, cell membrane, protective coating

Question 11

lipids monomer & polymer

Answer 11

no monomer but made up of glycerol & fatty acid chains & polymer is lipid

Question 12

lipids bond

Answer 12

ester bond

Question 13

lipids examples

Answer 13

waxes, oils, butter, fats, cholesterol, PHOSPHOLIPIDS (makes cell membranes)

Question 14

protein function

Answer 14

growth, repair, transport, enzymes

Question 15

protein monomer & polymer

Answer 15

amino acids & protein (polypeptides)

Question 16

protein bond

Answer 16

peptide bond

Question 17

protein examples

Answer 17

meat, beans, eggs, nuts, ENZYMES (speed up chemical reactions)

Question 18

nucleic acids function

Answer 18

stores & transports genetic info

Question 19

nucleic acids monomer & polymer

Answer 19

nucleotide & nucleic acid

Question 20

nucleic acids bond

Answer 20

phosphodiester bond

Question 21

nucleic acids examples

Answer 21

DNA & RNA

Question 22

catalyst

Answer 22

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 23

enzyme

Answer 23

protein that acts as a biological catalyst; speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 24

activation energy

Answer 24

the energy needed to get a chemical started

Question 25

substrate

Answer 25

the reactant in a chemical reaction using an enzyme

Question 26

active site

Answer 26

the small portion of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

Question 27

enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 27

a substrate-bound to the active site of an enzyme

Question 28

how do enzymes work

Answer 28

they work by reducing the amount of energy needed to complete a chemical reaction so it occurs faster

Question 29

what 3 factors can affect how enzymes work

Answer 29

temperature, number of substrates, pH level

Question 30

can enzymes be reused

Answer 30

yes they can

Question 31

enzyme's specificity

Answer 31

Each enzyme is specific and ONLY acts on a particular substrate

Question 32

denaturation

Answer 32

when the active site is destroyed or denatures

Question 33

what causes denaturation

Answer 33

when the environment changes

Question 34

what are the effects of denaturations

Answer 34

the substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme & the reaction cannot occur