Genetic Prediction Flashcards
Define heritability
The extent of differences observed in animal performance are due to variation in genetics.
What is the equation for EBV using b?
EBV = b x (phenotypic variation) OR b x (Pi - Pu)
Define mass selection
Based on ranking the animals on their own performance
When does h^2 = b?
When calculating EBV for an individual with only its own performance
Define animal model
Represents a method that makes use of phenotypic information of relatives to estimate the BV of an animal
Define Selection Index
A linear combination of phenotypic information and weighing factors that is used for genetic prediction when performance data comes from genetically similar contemporary groups
Define Selection Index in a simple way
A method of genetic prediction to combine multiple traits in an economically optimal way
What is selection index good with?
Good for within herds or flocks
What is a downside of selection index?
Phenotypes must be from genetically similar groups from the same environments
What does BLUP stand for?
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction
Who invented BLUP?
Charles R. Henderson
What commonly used tool in the animal industry uses BLUP?
EPDs
Define BLUP.
A method of genetic prediction that is particularly appropriate when performance data comes from genetically diverse contemporary groups.
Define BLUP simply
Simultaneous equations to solve for breeding value predictions
The higher the heritability and number of progenies, the _______________ the b.
higher
What is the equation for EBV with EPD?
EBV = 2xEPD
What are the three Basis of Selection
- Individual
- Between families
- Within families
Define EPD
The expected difference between the average performance of an individual’s progeny and the average performance of ALL progeny.
Define maternal EPDs vs Direct EPDs
How daughters of a sire are expected to perform compared to other breeding females.
Define Genomic Selection
Use of genomic-wide genetic markers to predict the BV of selection candidates.
What does SNP stand for?
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
How is a SNP different from a mutation.
The presence of an SNP is >1% present in the population.
Define genetic marker.
A DNA sequence with a known physical location on a chromosome. These can help link a trait with a responsible gene.
Are GE-EPDs used differently than normal EPDs?
NO!
What are some benefits of using GE-EPDs?
- reduce generation interval
- improve accuracy
