Breeding Equation & Genotype by environment interaction

Question 1

What is the BASIC breeding equation?

Answer 1

P = G + E

Question 2

What does P mean in the P = G+E?

Answer 2

Phenotype/performance

Question 3

What does G mean in the P = G+E?

Answer 3

Genotype

Question 4

What does E mean in the P = G+E?

Answer 4

Environment

Question 5

What is the breeding equation with the genotype by environment interaction (GEI)?

Answer 5

P = G + E + (GxE)

Question 6

True or False. Environment can only inhibit the genetic potential of an animal

Answer 6

False. Environment can either inhibit or optimize genetic potential

Question 7

What is constant in the breeding equation?

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

What is variable in the breeding equation?

Answer 8

Environment

Question 9

What is an example of an environmental factor?

Answer 9

Nutrition, weather/climate, management, time, location, housing

Question 10

True or False. Some genotypes do not have positive interactions with some environments

Answer 10

True!

Question 11

True or False. Producers will first try to control the environment rather than their genetics.

Answer 11

True! The environment can be easier to manage first prior to genetics

Question 12

How many genotypes are needed to identify a GEI?

Answer 12

At least two genotypes and two environments

Question 13

Phenotype can be defined as:

Answer 13

Any observed category or measured level of performance for a trait.

Question 14

Genotype can be defined as:

Answer 14

The measure of the influence of every gene carried by the individual.

Question 15

True or False. Genotype has no effect on phenotype

Answer 15

False!

Question 16

Define Environment:

Answer 16

Any external, non-genetic factor that affects phenotype

Question 17

What is the equation for G (genotype)?

Answer 17

G = P - E

Question 18

Define Gene by Environment Interaction (GEI).

Answer 18

The difference in average performance of two different genotypes is different in two different environments.

Question 19

True or False. Environmental affect and GEI are the same.

Answer 19

False!

Question 20

Define Genetic Potential.

Answer 20

The highest level of performance that the particular genetic group could achieve if all external factors were optimal.

Question 21

Define Breeding Program

Answer 21

A program aiming at defined breeding objectives for the production of the next generation of animals.

Question 22

What must we collect in order to make selection decisions?

Answer 22

Data

Question 23

What is the term used to describe the method of getting desired genes into the herd?

Answer 23

Dissemination

Question 24

Why is it important to evaluate the breeding program at the end of the breeding cycle?

Answer 24

To see what went well and what needs to be improved upon.

Question 25

In the breeding structure, when the best multipliers can become a part of the nucleus, we call it an…

Answer 25

Open nucleus

Question 26

What drives breeding objectives?

Answer 26

Commercial production/farmers

Question 27

If the performance of two genotypes changes equally after changing environments, is there gene by environment interaction?

Answer 27

No, the performance is only being affected by the environment.