Breeding Equation & Genotype by environment interaction Flashcards
What is the BASIC breeding equation?
P = G + E
What does P mean in the P = G+E?
Phenotype/performance
What does G mean in the P = G+E?
Genotype
What does E mean in the P = G+E?
Environment
What is the breeding equation with the genotype by environment interaction (GEI)?
P = G + E + (GxE)
True or False. Environment can only inhibit the genetic potential of an animal
False. Environment can either inhibit or optimize genetic potential
What is constant in the breeding equation?
Genotype
What is variable in the breeding equation?
Environment
What is an example of an environmental factor?
Nutrition, weather/climate, management, time, location, housing
True or False. Some genotypes do not have positive interactions with some environments
True!
True or False. Producers will first try to control the environment rather than their genetics.
True! The environment can be easier to manage first prior to genetics
How many genotypes are needed to identify a GEI?
At least two genotypes and two environments
Phenotype can be defined as:
Any observed category or measured level of performance for a trait.
Genotype can be defined as:
The measure of the influence of every gene carried by the individual.
True or False. Genotype has no effect on phenotype
False!
Define Environment:
Any external, non-genetic factor that affects phenotype
What is the equation for G (genotype)?
G = P - E
Define Gene by Environment Interaction (GEI).
The difference in average performance of two different genotypes is different in two different environments.
True or False. Environmental affect and GEI are the same.
False!
Define Genetic Potential.
The highest level of performance that the particular genetic group could achieve if all external factors were optimal.
Define Breeding Program
A program aiming at defined breeding objectives for the production of the next generation of animals.
What must we collect in order to make selection decisions?
Data
What is the term used to describe the method of getting desired genes into the herd?
Dissemination
Why is it important to evaluate the breeding program at the end of the breeding cycle?
To see what went well and what needs to be improved upon.
In the breeding structure, when the best multipliers can become a part of the nucleus, we call it an…
Open nucleus
What drives breeding objectives?
Commercial production/farmers
If the performance of two genotypes changes equally after changing environments, is there gene by environment interaction?
No, the performance is only being affected by the environment.
