genetic mutation

Question 1

what is a mutation?

Answer 1

change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 2

2 ways which mutation occurs

Answer 2

• Bases can be accidentally deleted, added, inverted, or replaced with different bases
• can occur in the DNA of any cell, only sex cell mutations will be passed to offspring

Question 3

5 things causing mutation

Answer 3

1. randomly during DNA replication
2. Radiation
3. Chemicals:
4. Free radicals:
5. Thymine dimers:

Question 4

2 types of mutations + describe

Answer 4

Point Mutation
- One single base is changed
Chromosomal Mutations
- Entire segments of a chromosome are altered

Question 5

Substitution Mutation (point)

Answer 5

One single DNA base is swapped for a different one, there are three types silent, nonsense and missense

Question 6

frameshift mutation (point mutation)

Answer 6

Contains insertion (One or more bases are inserted into the original DNA base sequence) and deletion (One or more bases are deleted)

Question 7

Inversion (chromosomal mutation)

Answer 7

Rotation of part of a chromosome

Question 8

Translocation (chromosomal)

Answer 8

Part of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

Question 9

Deletion (chromosomal)

Answer 9

Removal of part of a chromosome

Question 10

Duplication (chromosomal)

Answer 10

A segment of chromosome is repeated

Question 11

silent (point substitution)

Answer 11

One DNA base is changed but it does not change the amino acid produced

Question 12

nonsense (chromosomal point)

Answer 12

DNA base that is substituted, accidentally codes for a stop codon

Question 13

missense (substitution point mutation)

Answer 13

DNA base that is substituted codes for a different amino acid