genetic material and the structure of protein Flashcards
DNA is coiled around
histones
genes are made up of__ and are__
DNA; the basic physical and functional unit of hereditary
mRNA
messenger ribonucleic acid
decode by ribosomes to make proteins
structural and regulatory functions of genes
structural: converted into short lived mRNA that gets decoded into a protein.
regulatory: control gene expression
macromolecule
large complex molecules
ex: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
the four nucleotide bases in DNA
thymine(T), guanine(G), cytosine(C), and adenine(A)
codon
triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids.
nucleotides
the monomers used to build DNA and RNA
a nucleotide is made up of
nucleotide base, phosphate group, and deoxyribose sugar
hydrogen bond
a type of non-covalent bond; a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom bound to an electronegative atom and a second highly electronegative atom.
information is coded in DNA in the
5’ to 3’ direction (the sense strand)
the anti-sense strand (3’ to 5’ direction) is
the strand use as a template in DNA replication and transcription.
mutations occur by
substitution, deletion, or insertion of base pairs.
RNA’s bases are
adenine, uracil (replaces thymine), guanine, and cytosine.
what are the two stages of protein synthesis
transcription and translation
transcription
the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
template strand
a sequence of bases on a strand of DNA that is used to form a complementary mRNA molecule.
anticodon
complement codons on mRNA during protein synthesis
genome
the complete set of genetic information in a cell.
