Digestive system Flashcards
Digestion begins in the?
Mouth
Mechanical digestion
any physical breakdown of food
chemical digestion
where enzymes break down food particles into simple chemicals that can be used by the body
lipase
pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat
where is lipase found
the mouth
bolus
a mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed
peristalsis
a series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
mucus in the saliva lubricates the food and provides?
the enzymes amylase and lipase that break down starch and lipids.
Chyme
a semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine
Three secretions of the stomach
mucus, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen
hydrochloric acid
creates acidic environment in the stomach
pepsinogen (pepsin)
a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins, which is activated by hydrochloric acid.
first part of the small intestine
duodenum
duodenum
receives alkaline bile juices from the gallbladder, which helps neutralize acidic chyme.
villi and microvilli
in the small intestine (ileum) absorb water-soluble digested nutrients.
small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
large intestine
absorbs remaining water and salt, as well as vitamin K.
hormones involved in digestion
Ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and glycogen
ghrelin and leptin
ghrelin induces hunger, while leptin causes the sensation of satisfaction.
bile
Contains chemicals that aid in digestion.
created by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
not an enzyme.
does not break down fats and lipids.
