Genetic Factors that Affect Development

Question 1

Genetic Predisposition to particular conditions

Answer 1

• Genetic predisposition is when you inherit the vulnerability from either one or both biological parents

Question 2

Cystic Fibrosis (Genetic Disease)

Answer 2

• Faulty recessive genes
• Both parents carry faulty genes, 25% chance child will be born with it
• Lungs become clogged with thick, sticky, mucus
• Suffer from respiratory and chest infections
• Short life expectancy
• Physiotherapy
• Symptom is consistent coughing

Question 3

Brittle Bones (Genetic Disease)

Answer 3

• High risk of fractions or breaking bones easily due to because bones don’t develop with the right amount of protein, collagen.
• Physical therapy, drug treatment

Question 4

PKU (Genetic Disease)

Answer 4

• Prevents a child from breaking down phenylamine e.g milk, build up of harmful substances that leads to brain damages
• Heal prick , special diet, medication
• Brain becomes damaged
• Severe learning disability and child death

Question 5

Huntington’s Disease (Genetic Disease)

Answer 5

• Inherited neurodegenerative genetic disorder, faulty dominant gene
• Affect muscle coordination, mental decline, behavioral changes
• Brain damages worse over time
• Predictable
• May be mistaken at first
• Changes in personality, mood swings
• Problems with feeding, communication, erratic behavior
• Movement, behavior, cognitive disability and rely on others for care and support

Question 6

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 6

• Not always obvious
• XXY, affect only 1 in 600 boys
• Not inherited
• Slow in reaching milestone, sitting, crawling, walking
• Poor muscle power, delayed communication, passive personality
• Mild learning learning difficulties, short attention span, literacy skills, dyslexia, dyspraxia
• Low energy levels, extra growth spurts, lack of testosterone- flabby body, low muscle tone, reduction in calcium in bones, small firm testicles, small penis, lack of bod/facial hair
• Can live independently, establish careers and relationships

Question 7

Down’s Syndrome

Answer 7

• Genetic condition, result of extra chromosome
• Not inherited
• High risk of birthing a child with down’s syndrome if woman is over 45
• Higher incidents of depression
• Hearing, visuals, heart problems

Question 8

Color Blindness

Answer 8

• Individual has no color perception at all
• Genetic, result of abnormality in retina
• No long term health problem

Question 9

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 9

• Inherited genetic condition
• Weakened muscles lead to disability
• Progressive, worsens overtime
• Condition is inherited on female genes and passed onto male offspring
• Genetic mutation on X chromosome, prevents body producing vital muscle protein, dystrophin, which builds and repair muscles
• May have to use a wheelchair
• Mainly in muscles around the hips and shoulders
• Heart and lung ,muscles weaken
• Survival beyond age of 30 is rare

Question 10

Cancer

Answer 10

• Over 200 types of cancer
• Abnormal cells
• Diet, not smoking, reducing alcohol intake, exercising
• Exposure to sun and asbestos dust
• Inherited gene faults
• genetic link

Question 11

Diabetes

Answer 11

• Chronic condition, long term, forever lasting
• When an individual has difficulty maintaining normal blood glucose level
• Environmental lifestyle- type 2 diabetes, predisposition
  Type 1- genetic risk, higher if either or both biological parents have diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes is almost 90% id identical twin is diabeteic

Question 12

High Blood Cholesterol

Answer 12

• Unhealthy Diet, smoking, or lack of exercise increase high blood cholesterol
• Build up in artery walls, Heart disease, cardiovascular diseases
• Inherited condition

Question 13

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 13

• Drinking alcohol in pregnancy carries a risk to child development
• Have development and physicals defects which have lifelong effects
• Tend to be smaller, smaller heads than normal caused by poor brain development
• Heart defects, learning difficulties, neurological problems
• Phycial effects: folds of skin between eyes and nose, smooth area between nose and upper lip, thin upper lip, short nose

Question 14

Maternal Infections During Pregnancy

Answer 14

• Rubella, cytomegalovirus, impaired hearing or eye sight, damaged heart, vaccinated against rubella
• Spreads via bodily fluids

Question 15

Congenital Defects

Answer 15

• Heart defects, Neural tube defects, Down’s syndrome may be genetic
  Socio-economic factors, environmental factors, infectious disease during pregnancy