Genetic engineering Flashcards
Which are the steps of gene cloning?
- DNA Isolation.
- Produce a specific fragment.
- Clone the specific fragment.
- Self-replicate the fragment/modify.
- Put vector in a host cell.
- Spread cell line.
- Long-term storage.
- Further work of DNA when required.
- Manipulation of DNA fragment into other vectors.
- Investigate gene expression and protein function.
How can cell lysis be achieved?
Use chemicals mixture, detergents, and enzymes to degrade cell walls and membranes.
How can proteins be removed?
Use solvents and salts to remove them from the target DNA.
What happens to the DNA after it is purified?
Concentrated with using alcohol precipitation.
What can careful choices of extraction and purification protocols do?
Target specific types of DNA in complex samples.
How can DNA be visualised?
By gel electrophoresis.
What happens in gel electrophoresis?
DNA is separated into bands based on size, length.
What charge does DNA have?
Negative Electrical.
Where does DNA move?
In an electrical field.
How can DNA be separated?
By using a gel matrix, agarose, acrylamide.
What do shorter molecules do?
Move faster.
Migrate farther.
Migrate easily through pores of the gel.
How can DNA molecules be visualised in the gel?
By using fluorescent dyes.
To what is the distance DNA molecules moved related?
To fragment size.
Where is automated DNA size analysis used?
Diagnostic analyses.
Forensic analyses.
Where is assessing DNA fragment sizes from gels necessary?
In preparatory work.
Research.
