Genesis of the blood cells. Erythropoietin. Thrombopoetin

Question 1

genesis of blood cells - intro

Answer 1

also called hematopoiesis

multipotent self renewing cells differentiation/ maturation into specific blood cell

common progenitor cells -> common myleoid/ lymphoid lineage

Question 2

genesis of blood cells - 1

Answer 2

granulopoiesis

• production of granulocytes = basophils, eosonphils, neutrophils
• immune response

Question 3

genesis of blood cells - 2

Answer 3

erythropoiesis

production of erythrocytes via hormone EPO

common progenitor cells -> pro-erythroblast -> reticulocyte -> RBC

Question 4

genesis of blood cells - 3

Answer 4

monocytopoesis

• production of monocytes
• differentiating into alveolar macrophages for glial cells in brain/ kupffer cells in liver
• differentiate into dendrite for MHC/APC mechanism for T cell activation

Question 5

genesis of blood cells - 4

Answer 5

myleoipoesis

common progenitor cell -> myeoloblast -> pro-myleocyte -> myleocyte -> BEN

Question 6

genesis of blood cells - 5

Answer 6

thromobopoeisis

• production of thrombocytes, stimulated by TPO

common progenitor cell -> megakaryocyte -> platelets

Question 7

genesis of blood cells - type 6

Answer 7

lymphopoeisis = formation of lymphocytes

• B lymphocytes
  ________
• T helper cells
• T killer cells
• T regulatory cells
• NK killer cells

Question 8

genesis of blood cells - step 1

Answer 8

hematopoietic stem cell originate from

• foetus = yolk sac/ liver/ spleen
• adult = bone marrow

Question 9

genesis of blood cells - step 2

Answer 9

hematopoetic stem cells differentiate/ mature -> common progenitor cell

Question 10

genesis of blood cells - step 3

Answer 10

common progenitors differentiate/ mature -> specific blood cell

Question 11

EPO list

Answer 11

structure
location
function
regulation

Question 12

EPO - structure

Answer 12

EPO = glycoprotein hormone

Question 13

EPO - locations

Answer 13

liver = foetus
kidney = adults

Question 14

EPO - FUNCTION

Answer 14

1 - the specialised cells in kidneys detect low levels of o2 (hypoxia)

2 - in response to this, kidney cells secrete EPO into bloodstream

3 - EPO travels to bone marrow erythyroid progenitor cells

3 - these cells differentiate + mature into RBCS

Question 15

EPO - REGULATION

Answer 15

hypoxia inducible factors HIFs
- transcription factors
- activate transcription of EPO gene during hypoxia

negative feedback mechanisms
- normal O2 levels = less EPO activity

Question 16

TPO list

Answer 16

structure
location
function
regulation

Question 17

TPO - structure

Answer 17

= glycoprotein hormone
- 353 amino acids

Question 18

TPO - location

Answer 18

liver = primary
kidney = secondary

Question 19

TPO - FUNCTION

Answer 19

blood detects low levels of platelets

liver secretes TPO in response

TPO binds to c-Mpi receptors on bone marrow megakaryotic progenitor cells

activation of intracellular cascade reaction

platlets produced

Question 20

TPO - regulation

Answer 20

negative feedback mechanism
more TPO = more platelet production