Blood – composition and functions. Blood plasma. Plasma proteins, Blood viscosity

Question 1

blood components

Answer 1

plasma
formed elements

Question 2

blood components - type 1 intro

Answer 2

55% of total blood volume
liquid part of blood

components = WHEW NP

Question 3

blood components - plasma component 1

Answer 3

water = 90%
- acts as solvent / transport medium to transport other substances
- maintains blood pressure/ blood volume

Question 4

blood components - plasma component 2

Answer 4

hormones

regulatory substances formed by endocrine glands

Question 5

blood components - plasma component 3

Answer 5

electrolytes
maintains pH balance of ions

Question 6

blood components - plasma component 4

Answer 6

waste
urea/ creatinine/ bilirubin = transported to excretory organs

Question 7

blood components - plasma component 5

Answer 7

nutrients
glucose/ amino acids/ lipids

for cell metabolism

Question 8

blood components - plasma component 6

Answer 8

plasma protein (7%)

Question 9

blood components - type 2 intro

Answer 9

forms 45% of blood volume
includes cell fragments = solid part

Question 10

blood components - cell fragment 1

Answer 10

RED BLOOD CELLS

function - transport O2/ remove cO2
appearance - biconcaved/ enucleated
components - hemoglobin protein, binding to O2/CO2

Question 11

blood components - cell fragment 2

Answer 11

WBCs

function - immune response

BEN-ML

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes

Question 12

blood components - cell fragment 3

Answer 12

platelets

function = bloot clotting/ wound healing
appearance = small
components - come from megakaryocytic of bone marrow

Question 13

blood functions - 1

Answer 13

TRANSPORTATION

• deliver oxygen, nutrients, glucose, lipids, amino acids, hormones to tissues/ organs
• remove urea, creatinine, bilirubin to excretory organs

Question 14

blood functions - 2

Answer 14

thermoregulation
vasoconstriction = less bloodflow = less heat loss
vasodilation = more bloodflow = more heat loss

Question 15

blood functions - 3

Answer 15

pH regulation
- control acidosis/ alkolosis via buffer system + enzyme activity

Question 16

blood functions - 4

Answer 16

colloid osmotic pressure
ensures fluid is retained in circulatory system
uses albumin to lure fluid back from interstitial space, preventing TF build up = edema
counteracts HP

Question 17

blood functions - 5

Answer 17

PROTECTION

immune response of WBC
clotting mechanism of platelets

Question 18

plasma protein 1

Answer 18

FIBRINOGEN

4% of plasma proteins
fibrinogen converted into fibrin for blood clotting mechanism

Question 19

plasma protein 2

Answer 19

ALBUMIN

60% of total plasma protein
- maintains osmotic pressure during CO-HP changes

Question 20

plasma protein 3

Answer 20

GLOBULIN

36% of total plasma proteins

• alpha1 (alpha1 antitrypsin) protects tissue from cells with inflammatory enzymes
• alpha2 (haptoglobin) binds to free hemoglobin/ ceruloplasmin to transport copper in blood
• beta (transferrin) - iron transport
• gamma - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD for immune response

Question 21

blood viscosity - points

Answer 21

definition
factors

Question 22

blood viscosity - definition

Answer 22

thickening of blood causing resistance to flow

Question 23

blood viscosity - factor 1

Answer 23

HEMATOCRIT

= the amount of blood volume which is made of RBCs

more hematocrit = more aggregation = more blood viscosity

Question 24

blood viscosity - factor 2

Answer 24

PLASMA PROTEINS

more PP = make blood thicker = more resistance

Question 25

blood viscosity - factor 3

Answer 25

TEMPERATURE

higher temp = lower thickness of blood = less viscous

Question 26

blood viscosity - factor 4

Answer 26

SHEAR RATE = the rate of movement of fluid layers compared to one another as blood shows non-newtonian behaviour

higher shear rate (aorta) = lower viscosity
low shear rate (capillaries) = high viscosity