Blood types. АВО – blood types. Rh blood types. Flashcards
ABO blood types - type A
type A
- has antigen A on RBC surface
- has anti-B in plasma
ABO blood types - type B
type B
- has antigen B on RBC surface
- has anti-A in plasma
type AB
has antigen A + B on RBC surface
has no antibodies in plasma
universal acceptor
type O
has no antigens on RBC surface
has anti-A + anti-B in plasma
universal donor
ABO blood type - genetics
Allele A produces A antigen
Allele B produces B antigen
Allele O produces no antigen
ABO blood types - compatibility
group A
- donate A/AB
- receive A/AO
group B
- donate B/AB
- receive B/BO
group AB
- receive all
- donate AB
group O
- donate all
- receive O
ABO blood types - physiology
blood type determined by antigen on RBC surface
the immune system produces antibodies against the antigen that are not on RBC surface
ABO blood types - importance
compatible blood type required during surgery
e.g not possible to be blood type B and receive anti-B
- no match
- agglutination (clumping)
- emolysis (RBC destruction)
Rh blood group types
Rh+ = Rh (D) antigen present on RBC surface
Rh- = Rh absent on RBC surface
Rh blood group genetics
Rh factor inherited independent of the ABO blood group type
Rh+ = dominant over Rh- (mendels law)
Rh- must inherit x2 Rh- to become Rh-
Rh blood group compatibility
8 total combinations
A = presence of antigen A
A+
A-
B = presence of antigen b
B+
B-
AB = presence of A/B antigen
AB+
AB-
O = absence of A/B antigen
O+
O-
Rh blood group importance 1
pregnancy
- pregnant mother to foetus
mother = Rh- / Rh+ baby = incompatible
mothers immune system produces antibodies to fight the foreign baby antibodies = reach placenta to attack baby = sensitisation
Rh blood group importance 2
blood transfusions
- Rh- must receive Rh- blood
- Rh+ can receive either
