GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

Question 1

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

Answer 1

states that for an electric current to be induced in a conductor, there must be a relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic lines of force.

Question 2

Transformer

Answer 2

A device used for raising or lowering the voltage for alternating current

Question 3

step-up transformer

Answer 3

A type of transformer that converts low voltage (LV) and high current from the primary side to high voltage (HV) and low current on the secondary side

Question 4

Main substation

Answer 4

Has transformers that step down the voltage of electrical to suitable value
to be distributed to its branches.

Question 4

step down transformer

Answer 4

converts high voltage (HV) and low current from the primary side to low voltage (LV) and high current on the secondary side

Question 4

Transformer station

Answer 4

Has transformers to step-up or step down the voltage of electrical energy.

Question 5

Switch zone

Answer 5

Allows the electrical energy to be transmitted through the national grid

Question 6

National grid-network

Answer 6

Connects power stations at different places together & transmits electrical
power to various places throughout the country

Question 7

Faraday disk

Answer 7

loop of wire

Question 8

Components of the electricity conduction system from generation top x-rays.

Answer 8

• Generation of system
• Transmission of system
• Distribution of system
• Connection of electricity to the x-ray unit

Question 9

The source of electric power can be obtained from

Answer 9

• Gravitational energy-water falling from a height (hydro-electric power)
• Thermal energy- heat is obtained by burning oil or coal or from nuclear
  reactions.
• The heat is used to convert water to steam

Question 10

Hydroelectric Power Generation

Answer 10

Hydroelectric Power Generation
* Water Storage: Water is stored in a reservoir at a higher elevation, possessing gravitational potential energy.
* Water Flow: Water flows from the reservoir through penstocks towards the power house.
* Penstock Control: Penstocks have control gates for maintenance or emergency shutdowns.
* Energy Conversion: As water flows through penstocks, gravitational potential energy converts to kinetic energy due to increased pressure.
* Turbine Rotation: Water strikes turbine blades, converting kinetic energy to mechanical energy as the turbine rotates.
* Generator Activation: Mechanical energy from the turbine is transferred to a generator.
* Excitor Function: A small excitor generator creates a direct current to produce a stationary magnetic field in the main generator.
* Electricity Generation: The turbine rotates at 3000 rpm, generating electricity with a frequency of 50 Hz.

Question 11

In what 3 ways is the faradays law achieved.

Answer 11

1. By moving the conductor through the stationary unchanged strength magnetic field
2. Moving magnetic line of force through a stationary conductor.
3. Changing the strength of magnetic flux

Question 12

2 phases on electromagnetic induction in electricity generation.

Answer 12

• Single phase
• Three phase

Question 13

single phase

Answer 13

• A single-phase generator essentially produces one alternating voltage output.
• This is achieved by rotating a single coil of wire within a magnetic field.
• As the coil cuts through the magnetic field lines, an alternating voltage is induced in the coil.

Question 14

PArts of generator

Answer 14

1. rotor
2. stator

Question 15

rotor

Answer 15

• Found inside the generator and is attached to the turbine.
• Has a number of electromagnets

Question 16

What does the rotor do

Answer 16

It rotates within a series of coils of copper wire creating a stationary rotating magnetic field

Question 17

Stator

Answer 17

A stationary part of the generator wrapped in coils

Work in conjunction with the rotor to induce electricity

Question 18

Excitor

Answer 18

• A small dc generator mounted above the main generator
• Provides stationary rotating magnetic field which is used to induce current in a stator.