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General Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of capsid

A

It is composed of a number of repeating protein subunits called capsomeres.

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2
Q

Functions of capsid

A
  1. Protects nucleic acid core from external environment
  2. Antigenic and specific for each virus
  3. In non-enveloped tissues initiates first step of viral replication
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3
Q

Icosahedral symmetry

A

All DNA viruses except poxvirus and most RNA viruses

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4
Q

Helical symmetry

A

Few RNA viruses - Myxovirus, Rhabdovirus, Filovirus, Bunyavirus

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5
Q

Complex symmetry

A

Poxvirus

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6
Q

Virus with >1 kind of peplomeres

A

Influenza virus - hemagglutinin and neuraminidase peplomeres

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7
Q

Non-enveloped DNA viruses

A

Parvovirus
Adenovirus
Papovavirus

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8
Q

Non-enveloped RNA viruses

A 
Picornavirus
Reovirus
Calicivirus
Hep A
Hep E
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9
Q

Bullet shaped virus

A

Rabies

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10
Q

Filamentous virus

A

Ebola

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11
Q

Brick shaped virus

A

Poxvirus

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12
Q

Space vehicle shaped virus

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

Wheel shaped virus

A

Rotavirus

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14
Q

Rod shaped virus

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

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15
Q

Viroids?

A
  1. Have naked, circular, small ssRNA without capsid.
  2. Seen in plants
  3. Depend on host enzymes for replication
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16
Q

Prions

A
  1. Abnormal infectious protein without nucleic acid
  2. Resistant to physical and chemical agents
  3. Cause prions disease
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17
Q

Families in DNA viruses

A 
6
Herpesviridae
Hepadnaviridae
Parvoviridae
Papovaviridae
Poxviridae
Adenoviridae
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18
Q

Nucleic acid for Herpesviridae

A

ds, linear

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19
Q

Nucleic acid for Hepadnaviridae

A

ds, circular, incomplete

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20
Q

Nucleic acid for Parvoviridae

A

ss, linear

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21
Q

Nucleic acid for Papovaviridae

A

ds, circular

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22
Q

Nucleic acid for Poxviridae

A

ds, linear

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23
Q

Nucleic acid for Adenoviridae

A

ds, linear

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24
Q

Viruses in Herpesviridae family

A

HSV-1, HSV-2
Varicella Zoster
Epstein-Barr
Cytomegalovirus

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25
Q

Viruses in Papovaviridae family

A

Human papillomavirus
JC virus
BK virus

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26
Q

Viruses in Poxviridae family

A

Variola (smallpox)

Molluscum contagiosum virus

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27
Q

Families in RNA viruses

A 
13
Arenaviridae
Bunyaviridae
Coronaviridae
Caliciviridae
Flaviviridae
Filoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Picornaviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Reoviridae
Retroviridae
Togaviridae
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28
Q

RNA families with ss +ve sense RNA

A 
Picornaviridae
Caliciviridae
Togaviridae
Flaviviridae
Coronaviridae
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29
Q

RNA families with ss -ve sense RNA

A 
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Bunyaviridae
Arenaviridae
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30
Q

RNA family with dsRNA

A

Reoviridae

31
Q

Nucleic acid in Retroviridae

A

2 identical copies of +sense ss linear RNA

32
Q

Viruses in Picronaviridae family

A 
Polio
Coxsackie
Echo
Entero
Rhino
Hep A
33
Q

Viruses in Caliciviridae family

A

Norwalk

Hep E

34
Q

Viruses in Togaviridae family

A

Rubella

Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus

35
Q

Viruses in Flaviviridae family

A

Dengue
Yellow fever
West Nile
Hep C

36
Q

Viruses in Coronaviridae family

A

SARS-CoV

MERS-CoV

37
Q

Viruses in Rhabdoviridae family

A

Rabies

Vesicular stomatitis virus

38
Q

Viruses in Filoviridae family

A

Ebola

Marburg

39
Q

Viruses in Paramyxoviridae family

A 
Mumps
Measles
Parainfluenza
Nipah
Hendra
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
40
Q

Viruses in Orthomyxoviridae family

A

Influenza A, B, C, D

41
Q

Viruses in Bunyaviridae family

A

Hanta

Sandfly fever virus

42
Q

Viruses in Arenaviridae family

A

Lassa fever virus

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

43
Q

Viruses in Reoviridae family

A

Rotavirus
Reovirus
Colorado tick fever virus

44
Q

Viruses in Retroviridae family

A

HIV

HTLV (Human T Lymphotropic Virus)

45
Q

Examples of attachment

A

HIV: Viral surface glycoprotein gp120 binds to CD4 of host
Influenza: Viral hemagglutinin binds to glycoprotein receptors on respiratory epithelium

46
Q

Site of nucleic acid replication

A

DNA - nucleus except Poxvirus

RNA - cytoplasm except Retrovirus and Orthomyxovirus

47
Q

Site of assembly

A

DNA viruses - nucleus except Poxvirus and Hepadnavirus

RNA viruses - cytoplasm

48
Q

Examples of Defective or Dependoviruses

A

Hep D requires help of Hep B

Adeno-associated satellite viruses need help of Adenovirus

49
Q

Define inclusion bodies

A

Aggregates of virions or viral proteins and other products of viral replication that show altered staining pattern.
They may be inside host cell cytoplasm/nucleus/both.

50
Q

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

A

Acidophilic, seen as pink structures when stained with Eosin Methylene blue stain.
Ex: Poxvirus, Rabies

51
Q

Intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Basophilic
Cowdry Type A: vary in size with granular appearance
Cowdry Type B: circumscribed amorphods or hyaline spheres.

52
Q

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies examples

A

Negri bodies - Rabies
Paschen bodies - Variola
Bollinger bodies - Fowlpox
Molluscum bodies - molluscum contagiosum virus

53
Q

Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies examples

A

Torres body - yellow fever virus

Lipschultz body - HSV

54
Q

Cowdry Type B inclusion bodies examples

A

Poliovirus

Adenovirus

55
Q

Intracytoplasmic and Intranuclear inclusion bodies examples

A

Owl’s eye appearance - cytomegalovirus

Measles virus

56
Q

Stain used in EM

A

Potassium Phosphotungstate

57
Q

Direct virus detection from specimen in EM is used for

A

Viruses that are difficult to cultivate
Ex: Rotavirus, Hep A, Hep E from faeces
CMV from urine

58
Q

Applications of fluorescent microscopy

A

Dx of Rabies virus Ag from skin biopsies/corneal smear

Dx of Adenovirus from conjunctival smear

59
Q

Detection of Viral Ag examples

A
  1. HBsAg and HBeAg Ag detection
  2. NS1 Ag detection for Dengue virus
  3. SARS-CoV2 Ag by immunochromatographic assay
  4. p24 Ag for HIV
60
Q

Detection of Viral Ab examples

A
  1. Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBe Abs in serum for Hep B

2. Abs against HIV-1, HIV-2

61
Q

Yolk sac inoculation can be used for

A

Arbovirus,

Some bacteria like Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Hemophilus ducreyi

62
Q

Amniotic sac inoculation can be used for

A

Influenza virus

63
Q

Allantoic sac inoculation can be used for

A

Viral vaccines like influenza, yellow fever vaccine

64
Q

Chorioallantoic membrane inoculation can be used for

65
Q

Organ culture used for

A

Fastidious viruses with affinity to specific organs

Ex: Tracheal ring culture for coronavirus

66
Q

Explant culture used for

A

Adenoid explants used for adenovirus

67
Q

Primary cell lines with examples

A

Derv. from normal cells
5-10 divisions
Diploid karyosome

Ex: Monkey kidney cell line for Myxovirus, Enterovirus, Adenovirus
Human amnion cell line
Chick embryo cell line

68
Q

Secondary cell lines with examples

A

Derv. from normal cells
10-50 divisions
Diploid karyosome

Ex: Human fibroblast cell line for recovery of CMV
MRC-5 and WI-38

69
Q

Continuous cell lines with examples

A

Derv. from cancerous cell lines
Immortal
Altered haploid chromosome

Ex: HeLa cell line
HEp-2 cell line
KB cell line

70
Q

Inactivated vaccines examples

A
  1. Rabies neural vaccine (Semple vaccine, BPL vaccine) - derv. from sheep brain
  2. Rabies non-neural vaccine
    a. Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) vaccine - from chicken fibroblast cell line
    b. Human Diploid Cell vaccine - form human fetal lung fibroblast cell line
71
Q

Subunit vaccine examples

A

Presents Ag to immune system w/o pathogen particles

  1. Hep B surface Ag - from yeast
  2. L1 protein for papillomavirus - from yeast
72
Q

Live attenuated vaccine examples

A 
Mumps
Measles
Rubella
Chickenpox
Smallpox
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
73
Q

Live inactivated vaccine examples

A
  1. Polio - Live Oral Polio Vaccine, Killed Injectable Polio Vaccine
  2. Influenza - Killed and live attenuated (intranasal)
  3. Hep A - Inactivated, live attenuated

Microbiology (9 decks)

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