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General Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Natural transformation seen in

A

Streptococcus
Bacillus
Hemophilus
Pseudomonas

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2
Q

Types of plasmids based on function

A 
Fertility
Resistance
Col (bacteriocins)
Virulence
Metabolic
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3
Q

Bacteria sitting bidirectional replication

A

E coli

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4
Q

In prokaryotes start codon AUG codes for

A

N formyl methionine

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5
Q

Bacteria with diploid chromosome

A

Vibrio cholerae

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6
Q

Bacteria expressing competence factors

A

S. Pneumoniae

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7
Q

Bacteria not expressing competence factors

A

Hemophilus influenzae

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8
Q

Phage coded toxins

A

Bacterial toxins coded by lysogenic phages

Diphtheria toxin
Cholera toxin
Botulinum toxin

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9
Q

Types of transposons

A

Insertion sequence transposons

Composite transposons

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10
Q

Composition of blood agar

A

5-10 percent sheep blood + nutrient agar

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11
Q

Blood agar tests

A

Partial/Alpha hemolysis - green
Complete/beta hemolysis - clear, light transparent
No hemolysis - unchanged

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12
Q

Chocolate agar

A

Heated blood agar
More nutritious
RBC contents change medium to brown

Ex: hemophilus influenzae

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13
Q

Loeffler serum slope

A

For isolation of

Cornybacterium diphtherae

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14
Q

McConkey Agar

A

Isolation of enteric gram -ve bacteria

Lactose fermenters - pink - E coli
Non lactose fermenters - colour less - shigella

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15
Q

Etiological agents of Infective endocarditis

A

S. Aureus
Viridans streptococci
HACEK

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16
Q

Early prosthetic valve IE caused by

A

(<12 mo)
Coagulase negative streptococci
Ex: S. epidermis

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17
Q

Late prosthetic valve IE caused by

A

(>12 mo)

Viridans streptococci

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18
Q

Culture negative endocarditis caused by

A

HACEK
Bartonella sp.
Brunella sp.

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19
Q

Name of criteria used for diagnosis of IE

A

Duke’s criteria

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20
Q

Non blood culture tests for IE

A
  1. Serology - for Brucella, Bartonella
  2. Isolation of pathogens
  3. Special stains (PAS stain)
  4. Direct fluorescence Ab technique
  5. PCR
  6. Echo
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21
Q

S. Aureus microscopic IE

A
  1. Gram +ve cocci in clusters
  2. Golden yellow hemolytic colonies in blood agar
  3. Coagulase positive
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22
Q

Viridans streptococci microscopy IE

A
  1. Gram +ve long chains
  2. Mild Alpha hemolytic green colonies in blood agar
  3. Resistant to optochin
  4. Bile insoluble
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23
Q

HACEK organisms

A 
Hemophilus influenzae
Aggregatibacter sp.
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae

Highly fastidious, gram -ve, commensals in oral cavity

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24
Q

Main c/f of enteric fever (2)

A

Stepladder fever

Maculopapular rash

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25
Q

In enteric fever, blood sample is collected in

A

BHI medium

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26
Q

In enteric fever, enrichment broth used in stool examination is

A

Tetrathionate broth

Selenite F broth

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27
Q

In enteric fever, selective media used for stool sample are

A

DCA
XLD agar
Wilson Blair bismuth sulfite medium

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28
Q

DCA culture in enteric fever

A

Non lactose fermenting

Pale colonies with black centre

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29
Q

XLD culture in enteric fever

A

Red colonies with black centre

30
Q

Wilson Blair bismuth sulfite medium culture in enteric fever

A

Jet Black colonies with metallic sheen due to H2S production

31
Q

Gram strain for S. Typhi

A

Gram -ve
Non sporing
Non capsulated
Motile

32
Q

Biochemical identification of typhoid

A

Catalase +ve
Others -ve
TSI - K/A. Gas present except S. Typhi
H2S present expect s. Paratyphi A

33
Q

Slide agglutination test for typhoid

A

S typhi - agg. With O9 antisera
Paratyphi A - O2
Paratyphi B - O4

34
Q

O agglutination in Widal test appearance

A

Compact, granular, chalky clumps.

Clear supernatent fluid

35
Q

H agglutination in Widal test appearance

A

Large, loose, fluffy

Clear supernatent fluid

36
Q

Significant titres in Widal test

A

H>200

O>100

37
Q

Widal test false +ve

A
  1. Transient rise in titre due to other infections
  2. Inapperent infection
  3. Recent immunization
38
Q

False -ve Widal test

A

Early/late stage
Carriers
Pts. On antibiotics
Prozone phenomenon

39
Q

Treatment of enteric fever

A

3rd generation cephalosporins - Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Carriers - amplicilin, amoxicillin

40
Q

Drug resistance in enteric fever

A

MDR - Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin
Fluroquinolone resistance - Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone

41
Q

Viral bloodstream infections

A

HIV
EBV
Dengue
Chikungunya

42
Q

Most common fungal bloodstream infections

A

Candida albicans
Candida tropicalis
Candida auris

43
Q

Parasitic BSI directly infecting blood cells

A

Plasmodium

Babesia

44
Q

Parasitic BSI in bloodstream before migrating to other organs

A

Leishmania

Toxoplasma

45
Q

Parasitic BSI that come from lymphatics to bloodstream transiently

A

Filariasis

46
Q

Anticoagulant used for conventional culture media for bacteria (blood sample)

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate - also counteracts bactericidal action of blood

47
Q

Families of rickettsiales order

A

Rickettsiaceae

Anaplasmataceae

48
Q

Properties of rickettsiae

Or

Why are rickettsiae considered bacteria and not viruses

A 
Gram -ve cell wall
Both DNA and RNA
multiply by binary fission
Susceptible to antibacterials
Held back by bacterial filters
49
Q

Components of rickettsial cell wall

A

Peptidoglycans
OMPs
LPS

50
Q

OMPs of rickettsiae

A

Species specific
Highly immunogenic
Used for vaccination and diagnosis

51
Q

Organism, vector and mode of transmission of epidemic typhus

A

R. Prowasekii
Human body louse
Scratching contaminated skin

52
Q

Organism, vector and mode of transmission of endemic typhus

A

R. Typhi
Rat flea
Scratching of contaminated skin

53
Q

Organism, vector and mode of transmission of Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsi
Ticks
Bite of infected tick

54
Q

Organism, vector and mode of transmission of Indian tick typhus

A

R. Akari
Tick
Tick bite

55
Q

Organism, vector and mode of transmission of rickettsial pox

A

R. Akari
Mites
Mite bite

56
Q

Organism, vector of scrub typhus

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Infected mite

57
Q

Organism, vector of Q fever

A

Coxiella Brunetti

Cattle

58
Q

Titre for Weil Felix test

A

1:80 possible infection
>OX19 - Epidemic and endemic
>OX19 + OX2 - Spotted fever
>OXK - Scrub typhus

59
Q

Proteus strains used in Weil Felix tests

A

P. Vulgaris OX19, OX2

P. Mirabilia OXK

60
Q

Lab Dx of rickettsial infections

A
  1. Serology: Weil-Felix test (non-specific), IFA, ELISA
  2. Histological examination of cutaneous biopsy sample from rash
  3. Isolation - inoculation into HeLa
  4. PCR
61
Q

Lab Dx of Scrub Typhus

A
  1. Weil-Felix test - OXK Ag
  2. IFA
  3. ELISA
  4. PCR
62
Q

Acute Q fever symptoms

A

Hepatitis
Interstitial pneumonia
fever
Pericarditis/Myocarditis

63
Q

Chronic Q fever symptoms

A

Endocarditis

64
Q

Lab Dx for Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetti
small pleomorphic Gram -ve coccobacillus
Highly fastidious (biosafety level 3 lab)
IFA detects Abs against Ags on LPS

65
Q

Bartonellosis causative organism

A

Bartonella henselae

66
Q

Bartonella henselae causes

A
  1. Cat scratch disease - regional lymphadenopathy, papules

2. Bacillary angiomatosis - neovascular lesions on skin and organs

67
Q

Lab Dx of bartonella

A
  1. Warthin-Starry silver nitrate staining of lymph node smear
  2. Grown in blood agar at 37C
  3. IFA
  4. PCR
68
Q

Rx of bartonella

A

Cat scratch - Self-limiting, azithromycin

Angiomatosis - Doxycycline

69
Q

Brucella sp. characteristics

A

Obligate aerobic
fastidious, small, Gram -ve, coccobacillus
Non motile

70
Q

C/F of brucellosis

A 
Fever
Arthralgia
HSM
Undulating fever
Osteomyelitis
71
Q

Lab Dx of Brucellosis

A

Blood culture - Castadena’s biphasic medium (BHI broth)
Serological - SAT - IgM detection
PCR

Microbiology (9 decks)

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